16. (每小题5分,共10分)
计算:(1)12-7×(-4)-|-15|;$(2)(-1)^1⁰×2+(-2)^3÷4$
计算:(1)12-7×(-4)-|-15|;$(2)(-1)^1⁰×2+(-2)^3÷4$
答案:
解:
(1)原式=12+28−15=25.
(2)原式=2−2=0.
(1)原式=12+28−15=25.
(2)原式=2−2=0.
17. (本小题8分)
(1)解方程:3x= 4-2(x-3).
(2)先化简,再求值:5(3a^2b-ab^2)-3(ab^2+3a^2b),其中a= $\frac{1}{2}$,b= 2.
(1)解方程:3x= 4-2(x-3).
(2)先化简,再求值:5(3a^2b-ab^2)-3(ab^2+3a^2b),其中a= $\frac{1}{2}$,b= 2.
答案:
解:
(1)
∵ 3x=4−2x+6,
∴ 5x=10,解得x=2.
(2)原式=15a²b−5ab²−3ab²−9a²b=6a²b−8ab²=2ab(3a−4b).
当a = $\frac{1}{2}$,b = 2时,2ab(3a−4b)=2×$\frac{1}{2}$×2×(3×$\frac{1}{2}$−4×2)=2×($\frac{3}{2}$−8)=3−16 = -13.
(1)
∵ 3x=4−2x+6,
∴ 5x=10,解得x=2.
(2)原式=15a²b−5ab²−3ab²−9a²b=6a²b−8ab²=2ab(3a−4b).
当a = $\frac{1}{2}$,b = 2时,2ab(3a−4b)=2×$\frac{1}{2}$×2×(3×$\frac{1}{2}$−4×2)=2×($\frac{3}{2}$−8)=3−16 = -13.
18. (本小题9分)
已知,点D是射线AB上的点,线段AB= 4a,BD= $\frac{1}{2}$AB,点C是线段AD的中点.
(1)如图1,若点D在线段AB上,当a= 1时,求线段CD的长.
(2)如图2,若点D在线段AB的延长线上,求线段CD的长.(用含a的式子表示)

已知,点D是射线AB上的点,线段AB= 4a,BD= $\frac{1}{2}$AB,点C是线段AD的中点.
(1)如图1,若点D在线段AB上,当a= 1时,求线段CD的长.
(2)如图2,若点D在线段AB的延长线上,求线段CD的长.(用含a的式子表示)
答案:
解:
(1)
∵ 当a = 1时,AB = 4a = 4,BD = $\frac{1}{2}$AB = 2.
∴ AD = AB - BD = 4 - 2 = 2.
∵ 点C是线段AD的中点,
∴ CD = $\frac{1}{2}$AD = 1.
(2)
∵ AB = 4a,BD = $\frac{1}{2}$AB = 2a.
∴ AD = AB + BD = 4a + 2a = 6a.
∵ 点C是线段AD的中点,
∴ CD = $\frac{1}{2}$AD = 3a.
(1)
∵ 当a = 1时,AB = 4a = 4,BD = $\frac{1}{2}$AB = 2.
∴ AD = AB - BD = 4 - 2 = 2.
∵ 点C是线段AD的中点,
∴ CD = $\frac{1}{2}$AD = 1.
(2)
∵ AB = 4a,BD = $\frac{1}{2}$AB = 2a.
∴ AD = AB + BD = 4a + 2a = 6a.
∵ 点C是线段AD的中点,
∴ CD = $\frac{1}{2}$AD = 3a.
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