《2025年优化学案高中英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

A
In England, recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited. About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along. They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted at them. The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreigners seemed all at sea and looked embarrassed. No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.
Learning the language of a country isn’t enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country. You will probably be surprised by just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesn’t agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement. Nodding your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty.
1. Why did the British people try to push the three gentlemen out of the way?
A. They were foreigners.
B. They didn’t have tickets.
C. They made a loud noise.
D. They didn’t line up for the bus.
2. How can you have a pleasant journey in a foreign country?
A. By learning the language of the country.
B. By understanding the manners and customs of the country.
C. By having enough time and money.
D. By making friends with the people there.
3. What does the underlined phrase “at sea” probably mean?
A. Tired.
B. Disappointed.
C. Pleased.
D. Confused.
4. What is considered impolite in India?
A. Using the right hand for passing food at table.
B. Passing food with the left hand.
C. Shaking your head.
D. Nodding your head.

答案： 【语篇解读】文章以一个小故事作为开头，向我们介绍了英国人的乘车习惯，并进一步向我们介绍了不同国家的风俗习惯及身势语的内涵。
1. D 细节理解题。由第一段中的“No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that ... on the bus.”可知，英国人因为这三位外国人没有排队而将他们推到一边。
2. B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“If you want to have a pleasant visit ... your host country.”可知，当我们到国外旅行时，应该对目标国的规矩、风俗有所了解。
3. D 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的一句话可知，这三位外国人对英国的风俗并不知情，由此可知，当他们面对英国人当时的反应时会感到迷惑。
4. B 细节理解题。由第二段中的“A visitor to India would do well ... left hand for passing food at table.”可知，在印度用左手递食物被认为是不礼貌的。

B
Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
Our faces show emotions, but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another do does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.
It is difficult to generalise about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.
5. What does the smile usually mean in the US?
A. Love.
B. Politeness.
C. Joy.
D. Thankfulness.
6. Why does the author mention the smile of the Vietnamese?
A. To prove a smile can show friendliness to strangers.
B. To prove a smile can be used to hide true feelings.
C. To prove a smile can be used in the wrong places.
D. To prove a smile can show personal habits.
7. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?
A. Learn about their relations with others.
B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.
C. Find out about their past experience.
D. Figure out what they will do next.
8. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Cultural Differences
B. Smiles and Relationships
C. Facial Expressiveness
D. Habits and Emotions

答案： 【语篇解读】不同文化背景的人，表达感情的方式也不尽相同，所以，以自己的文化习惯去判断他人的感情流露，是会犯错误的。
5. C 细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，在美国文化中，微笑通常表示高兴。故选C项。
6. B 细节理解题。由第一段最后两句可知，作者列举越南人的例子是用来说明微笑可以用来掩饰真实的感受。故选B项。
7. B 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，在不同的文化中，微笑代表的含义是不同的。由此得出，在试图“读懂”别人时，先要了解其文化背景。故选B项。
8. C 标题归纳题。通过本文每个段落的第一句都谈到人们的面部表情可知，本文的中心和标题应该与人的面部表情有关。故选C项。