《2025年天星教育金考卷一轮复习单元滚动双测卷英语》

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[2025泰州中学开学考]The Big Dipper’s stars (北斗星) are a celestial landmark. Visible in the Northern Hemisphere’s night sky, the stars draw out a shape like a scoop with a handle. Beginner stargazers can easily pick it out. Now, scientists have been intrigued by three factors that can explain why certain groups of stars form such recognizable patterns. One is how bright the stars are. Another is how far apart they are. And the third has to do with how human eyes move.
The Big Dipper is part of the constellation(星座) Ursa Major. That’s one of many star groupings that people in the past selected for their shapes. Some shapes were said to describe animals, people or objects. Sophia David wondered why people selected these star groupings. She is a high school student at Friends’ Central School in Wynnewood, Penn.
“Ancient people from various cultures connected similar groupings of stars independently of each other,” said David. That suggests that different people were perceiving the stars in the same way. So David teamed up with scientists at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. She presented their work on March 18 at an online meeting of the American Physical Society.
The researchers thought about how the eyes travel across the night sky. Human eyes tend to move in discrete (分离的) jumps, called saccades (Seh - KAADS). That’s when both eyes quickly shift from one point of interest to another. The team created a computer simulation based on the distribution of saccade lengths. They also included two basic details of the night sky as seen from Earth. The first was how far apart different stars appear from one another in the sky. The second was how bright various stars are.
The technique could pick out single constellations. One constellation it picked out was the star grouping known as Dorado, the Dolphinfish. The researchers also used the technique to map the whole sky. It generated groups of stars. The scientists compared those groups to the 88 modern constellations. Those are groups of stars recognized by the International Astronomical Union. The two sets of star groups mostly matched. That confirmed the method worked to explain how the constellations came to be.
1. What are the scientists interested in?
A. How the Big Dipper came to exist.
B. What contributes to the patterns of groups of stars.
C. How the Big Dipper influences other groups of stars.
D. Why certain groups of stars are attractive to human eyes.
2. What did Sophia David discover?
A. Stars are really independent of each other.
B. Ancient people were good at observing stars.
C. Cultures hardly influence people’s ways to perceive stars.
D. Ancient people cooperated with each other in studying stars.
3. Why did the researchers create the computer simulation?
A. To study the distance between stars.
B. To count the number of constellations.
C. To simulate the movement of human eyes.
D. To discover new constellations in the night sky.
4. What’s the text mainly about?
A. The mythological stories of the Big Dipper.
B. How ancient cultures used constellations for navigation.
C. A student’s research on why constellations are recognized.
D. Scientists simulate how humans trace patterns in the night sky.

答案： 1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now, scientists have been intrigued by three factors that can explain why certain groups of stars form such recognizable patterns”可知,现在科学家们对三个因素产生了浓厚兴趣,这些因素可以解释为什么某些星群形成如此容易识别的图案,即科学家对哪些因素导致星群形成图案感兴趣。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Ancient people from various cultures connected similar groupings of stars independently of each other,’said David”以及“different people were perceiving the stars in the same way”可知,David发现不同文化背景的人对星星的认知是一样的,即文化几乎不会影响人们对星星的认知。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Human eyes tend to move in discrete (分离的) jumps, called saccades (Seh - KAADS)”和“The team created a computer simulation based on the distribution of saccade lengths”可知,人类的眼睛倾向于以离散的跳跃方式移动,这种跳跃被称为扫视,研究者们创造的计算机模拟是以这种跳跃扫视距离的分布为基础的,是为了模仿人类眼睛的运动。
4.D 主旨大意题。
|段落|内容|
|Para. 1|北斗星是一个天体标志,初学观星者可以很容易地识别出来,其可识别图案由星星的亮度、距离和人眼运动解释。|
|Para. 2|北斗星是大熊座的一部分。大熊座等星群是古人根据其形状选择的,Sophia David对此产生兴趣。|
|Para. 3|Sophia David与宾夕法尼亚大学的科学家合作研究,发现不同文化的人以同样的方式感知星星。|
|Para. 4|研究者研究人眼如何跳跃观察夜空,创建计算机模拟模仿人眼运动并考虑了星星距离和亮度。|
|Para. 5|该技术成功识别星座,与国际天文学联盟认可的现代星座大致匹配,解释了星座的形成过程。|
本文主要探讨了为什么某些星群形成可识别的图案。研究指出,星星的亮度、相对距离以及人眼的运动模式是形成这些图案的关键因素。Sophia David和宾夕法尼亚大学的科学家研究了不同文化如何独立选择相似的星群,验证了人们对星星的感知是相同的。研究者们通过计算机模拟模仿人眼的运动并考虑从地球上观察夜空的两个基本细节,这种方法成功识别出星座,且这些星座和现代星座大致匹配,解释了星座的形成过程。故D项“科学家模仿人类如何在夜空中描绘群星图案”能概括本文内容。