《2025年5年中考3年模拟英语北京专版》

The idea is not new that the spaces we live and work in influence our feelings and behaviours. Winston Churchill noted, “We shape our buildings and then our buildings shape us.” Buildings and the city environment have been found to influence our general emotion and well - being.

Architects(建筑师) have often been focused on their imagination and design above how a space may influence its residents(居住者). However, there are a number of architects moving in a new direction, interested in creating people - centred building designs.

Research carried out by Colin Ellard of the University of Waterloo, Canada, has found that people are often strongly affected by buildings’ appearance. Complex(复杂的) and interesting appearance design influences people much more positively than simple design.

Many studies have shown the value of green space and woodland in a city environment and how they can help to reduce the stress that comes with city life. The visual(视觉的) complexity of green spaces plays into Ellard’s theory that the human brain prefers complex and lively environments. Another study in Iceland in 2023 found that streets which vary because of their architecture were the most emotionally pleasant. These all lead to the idea that we want variation in our environments.

Another research has shown that growing up in a city environment can double a person’s chance of developing problems such as worry. It shows that the stress of city life is something that needs to be considered and new spaces should be designed with stress management and wellness in mind.

It would be wrong to say style isn’t important. We want things which look fantastic as well as work practically, but things can go wrong and influence us negatively if style becomes more important than the building itself. Architects who want to show their skills must consider the purpose of the building. For example, schools should look bright with open spaces, green areas and comfortable corners for reading and learning.

No one wants a building to create bad feelings. If we can create spaces which appeal to residents, as well as achieving their purpose, then the end result is much more satisfying and much more likely to stand the test of time. Our cities are set to grow year on year with no end in sight, so we should make sure new developments are built more with people in mind.

1. What do you know about architects from the passage?
A. They are running out of creativity.
B. Their stress needs to be considered.
C. They have to take tests from time to time.
D. Their design starts to focus on human feelings.

2. The writer probably agrees that________.
A. there should be more buildings in green colour in cities
B. visually complex design is more likely to create stress
C. it is a must to consider the building itself and its style
D. buildings with simple appearance bring us comfort

3. The words “appeal to” in the last paragraph are closest in meaning to________.
A. please B. house C. shape D. upset

4. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To criticize architects for their great mistakes.
B. To call for the people - centred design of buildings.
C. To suggest how to make architectures emotionally pleasant.
D. To stress the importance of architectures to a city environment.
篇章结构助攻
Para. 1 Introduce the topic: Buildings and the city environment have been found to 1.__________ our general emotion and well - being.
Para. 2 The changes of architects: They are becoming interested in creating 2.____________ building designs.
Para. 3 - Para. 5 Research findings
● We want variation in our environment. Complex and interesting 3.________ design influence people much more positively than simple design. Green space and woodland in a city environment can help to reduce the 4.________ that comes with city life. (para. 3 & para. 4)
● New spaces should be designed with stress management and wellness in mind. (para. 5)
Para. 6 What architects should do: Style is also important but architects must consider the 5.________ of the building.
Para. 7 Call on: We should make sure new developments are built more with 6.________ in mind.
长难句解惑
1. Many studies have shown the value of green space and woodland in a city environment and how they can help to reduce the stress that comes with city life.
(1)圈出连接并列分句的连词/从句引导词,在主语和谓语动词下画线,并用斜线划分并列分句/主从句。
(2)翻译:
2. It shows that the stress of city life is something that needs to be considered and new spaces should be designed with stress management and wellness in mind.
(1)圈出连接并列分句的连词/从句引导词,在主语和谓语动词下画线,并用斜线划分并列分句/主从句。
(2)翻译:
3. We want things which look fantastic as well as work practically, but things can go wrong and influence us negatively if style becomes more important than the building itself.
(1)圈出连接并列分句的连词/从句引导词,在主语和谓语动词下画线,并用斜线划分并列分句/主从句。
(2)翻译:
4. If we can create spaces which appeal to residents, as well as achieving their purpose, then the end result is much more satisfying and much more likely to stand the test of time.
(1)圈出连接并列分句的连词/从句引导词,在主语和谓语动词下画线,并用斜线划分并列分句/主从句。
(2)翻译:
一词多义
根据文章内容，选择下列词（文章中的粗体词）在文中的词义。
1. shape______ A. (n.) 形状 B. (n.) 身材 C. (v.) 塑造;影响 D. (n.) (健康)状况
2. chance______ A. (n.) 可能性 B. (n.) 机会;机遇 C. (v.) 冒险
3. stand______ A. (v.) 站立 B. (v.) 位于 C. (v.) 经得起 D. (v.) 采取某种立场
4. sight______ A. (n.) 视野 B. (n.) 视力 C. (n.) 名胜;风景
词块积累
· influence one’s feelings and behaviours 影响某人的感受和行为
· focus on one’s imagination and design 专注于某人的想象力和设计
· a number of 许多
· move in a new direction 朝着新的方向前进
· people - centred building designs 以人为中心的建筑设计
· building appearance 建筑外观
· reduce the stress 减少压力
· prefer complex and lively environment 更喜欢复杂且生气勃勃的环境
· lead to the idea that... 得出……的观点
· stress management 压力管理
· appeal to residents 吸引居民;受居民喜爱
· achieve one’s purpose 达成某人的目标
· much more likely to... 更有可能……
· stand the test of time 经受住时间的考验
· no end in sight 看不到尽头
· with people in mind 以人为本

答案： 专项训练5 主旨大意 本文主要论述了城市建筑的发展不应该只关注设计,更应该关注居住者的需求和幸福感,以人为本。 1.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第2段第2句“However, there are...creating people-centred building designs.”可知，现在有许多建筑师正朝着一个新的方向发展,对创造以人为本的建筑设计感兴趣。因此D选项“他们的设计开始聚焦人类的感受”与原文意思相符,故选D。 2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第6段第1句“It would be wrong to say style isn’t important.”和第3句“Architects who want to show their skills must consider the purpose of the building.”可知,不是说建筑物的风格不重要,而是建筑师们想要一展身手必须考虑到建筑物本身的用途是什么,因此是既要考虑建筑本身,也要考虑风格。C选项符合题意。 3.A 【解析】词义猜测题。please使满意;house给(某人)提供住所;shape塑造;upset使烦恼。根据appeal to所在句的语境“如果我们能创造出……居民的空间,并达到他们的目的,那么最终的结果会更令人满意,也更有可能经得起时间的考验”可知,A选项“使满意”最符合。故选A。 4.B 【解析】写作目的题。根据最后一段最后一句中“Our cities...should make sure new developments are built more with people in mind.”及文章其他内容可知,我们的城市将年复一年地发展,看不到尽头,所以我们应该确保新的开发项目更多地考虑到人。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁建筑设计要以人为本。故选B。 
@@1.influence 2.people-centred 3.appearance 4.stress 5.purpose 6.people
@@
(1)Many studies have shown the value of green space and woodland in a city environment and / how they can help to reduce the stress / that comes with city life.
(2)许多研究都表明了绿地和林地在城市环境中的价值,以及它们如何帮助减轻城市生活带来的压力。
@@1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A