《2025年5年中考3年模拟英语北京专版》

Why do people fall for bad information? Scientists are trying to find that out. They are also trying to find out what we can do about it.
People on social media sometimes share questionable claims(言论). Maybe they think the claim is surprising or interesting. But how the claim is presented can influence how many people believe it.
People are likely to think that video is the most believable, noted S. Shyam Sundar. He works at Pennsylvania State University. Sundar and his team showed fake(假的) news stories to 180 people. One fake story claimed plastic was used to make rice. One version(版本) of the rice story was sent as text only. One version was a sound recording. The third had a video. It showed a man feeding plastic sheets into a machine. The tested people graded the video story as the most believable.
“Seeing is believing. People are more likely to accept misinformation when they see something in a video,” Sundar said. That’s especially true with the rise of Deepfake technologies, which create fake but visually(视觉上) believable videos.
Another big problem with fake news is how easily it gets into our brains. We often find claims believable that go along with the values we hold. Some people are unlikely to question things that fit with what they already believe. Why? Because our values can influence how we process information.
So how can we slow the spread of fake news? It might just require getting people to stop and think. Two scientists, Gordon Pennycook and David Rand, worked together on a study. They showed both real news headlines and fake ones to 3,500 people. They tested these people’s analytical reasoning(分析推理). People who scored higher on the analytical tests were less likely to mistake fake news headlines as being correct. In other words, lazy thinking helps drive someone’s acceptance of fake news.
When we recognize something untrue, we should debunk(揭穿) it. Researchers have some tips:
●Check the information from trustworthy sources(来源). Look at different sources to see if they agree.
●Once you correct misinformation with a true fact, explain why the misinformation is wrong.
●Speak up as soon as possible when you see misinformation being shared on social media.
Not paying attention can help fake news spread. Fortunately, there’s a simple solution—stop shutting off our brains so much. By thinking carefully and sharing real information, we can help everyone stay informed about facts.
1.The purpose of Sundar and his team’s study is to find out ______.
A. what ways can be used to spread news
B. how fake news spreads through different media
C. what kind of people are likely to believe fake news
D. how the presentation of news influences its believability
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A. People are likely to believe information that matches their values.
B. Debunking bad information depends heavily on technology.
C. The brain has a weak ability to recognize misinformation.
D. Lazy thinkers often slow down the spread of fake news.
3.What is the passage mainly about?
A. The causes of fake news and its bad influences.
B. The spread of fake news and people’s complaints about it.
C. The reasons for believing fake news and ways to deal with it.
D. The problems caused by fake news and the necessity to recognize it.
篇章结构助攻
Para. 1 Raise the question: Why do people fall for bad information?
Para. 2 - Para. 5 Scientists are trying to find out reasons.
●How the claim is 1.________ can influence how many people believe it. (Para. 2)
People are more likely to accept misinformation when they see something in a 2.________(Para. 4), according to a study conducted by Sundar and his team. (Para. 3)
●Another big problem with fake news is how easily it gets into our brains.
We often find claims believable that go along with the 3.________ we hold. (Para. 5)
Para. 6 - Para. 8 Scientists are also trying to find out what we can do about it.
●It might just require getting people to stop and 4.________. (Para. 6)
●Three ways to debunk something untrue:
①Check the information from 5.________ sources;
②Explain why misinformation is wrong when you correct it;
③Speak up when you see misinformation being shared on social media. (Para. 7)
●Think carefully and share 6.________ information. (Para. 8)
长难句解惑
1.That’s especially true with the rise of Deepfake technologies, which create fake but visually believable videos.
(1)圈出连接并列分句的连词/从句引导词,在主语和谓语动词下画线,并用斜线划分并列分句/主从句。
(2)翻译：______________________________
2.People who scored higher on the analytical tests were less likely to mistake fake news headlines as being correct.
(1)圈出连接并列分句的连词/从句引导词,在主语和谓语动词下画线,并用斜线划分并列分句/主从句。
(2)翻译：______________________________
一词多义
根据文章内容，选择下列词（文章中的粗体词）在文中的词义。
1.present ______ A. (v.) 展现;显示 B. (v.) 提出;提交 C. (v.) 颁发;授予
2.value ______ A. (n.) (商品)价值 B. (v.)重视;珍视 C. (n.) 价值观
3.drive ______ A. (v.) 驾驶;开车 B. (v.) 驱动;推动 C. (v.) 驱赶;赶走
4.agree ______ A. (v.) 同意;赞成 B. (v.) 商定;约定 C. (v.) (与……)相符,一致
词块积累
· fall for bad information 上当受骗
· find out 弄清;查明
· share questionable claims 分享可疑的言论
· how the claim is presented 言论如何被呈现
· accept misinformation 接受错误信息
· go along with 与……一致
· fit with 符合
· process information 处理信息
· fake news 虚假消息
· in other words 换句话说
· shut off 关闭
· stay informed about facts 了解事实

答案： 专项训练4 主旨大意 本文主要介绍了人们容易被虚假信息所骗的原因以及如何辨别虚假信息和减少其传播。 1.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第2段最后一句“But how the claim is presented can influence how many people believe it.”可知，作者认为虚假言论的呈现方式会影响有多少人相信它，第3段中Sundar做的实验验证了以哪种方式呈现虚假新闻更容易被人们相信，证实了作者的观点。因此Sundar及其团队研究的目的是弄清“新闻的呈现方式如何影响其可信度”。故选D。 2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第5段第2句“We often find claims believable that go along with the values we hold.”可知，我们经常会认为与我们的价值观相一致的言论是可信的。A选项“人们倾向于相信符合他们价值观的信息”与原文内容相符。故选A。 3.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第1段“Why do people fall for...what we can do about it.”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了人们容易被虚假信息所骗的原因以及如何辨别虚假信息和减少其传播，C选项“相信假新闻的原因和处理方法”符合本文主旨大意。故选C。 ●篇章结构助攻 1.presented 2.video 3.values 4.think 5.trustworthy 6.real ●长难句解惑 1.
(1)That's especially true with the rise of Deepfake technologies, / which create fake but visually believable videos.
(2)尤其是随着深度伪造技术的兴起，这种技术能制作出虚假但视觉上可信的视频。 2.
(1)People / who scored higher on the analytical tests / were less likely to mistake fake news headlines as being correct.
(2)在分析测试中得分较高的人不太可能把假新闻标题误认为是正确的。 ●一词多义 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C