《2025年5年中考3年模拟英语北京专版》

Clean electricity is the power of the future, but engineers are facing a big challenge. How can we store electricity to be used at times when the wind is not blowing and the sun is not shining? In some cases, the answer will be batteries; but in other cases, it could come from a variety of different solutions—starting with gravity.
Gravity is the most abundant source of power on Earth. It’s always been everywhere since the beginning of time. Nobody knew about it until around 1666, when Isaac Newton saw an apple fall from a tree in his garden. Newton asked himself the question: “Why did that apple fall to the ground?” And he soon worked out the answer. Everything will fall to the ground if it can do so, because there is a massive force that pulls things towards the centre of the earth. Newton decided to call this force “gravity”, a word that then just meant “weight”.
Engineers have used gravity as a source of power for centuries, long before Newton first explained it. In particular, they used gravity to move water from one place to another to irrigate(灌溉) fields and bring water to cities. They knew that water would flow downhill, but never uphill, so they built structures to use the force of gravity most effectively.

In 1907, engineers in Switzerland first used gravity for a new purpose: to store energy. They pumped(用泵抽送) water up a hill, where they stored it in a lake. Then when they needed more electricity, they let the water come back down the hill, driving electric turbines(涡轮机) as it fell. The idea was just so simple, and it is now used in many parts of the world. However, the problem is that “pumped storage” hydro schemes(抽水蓄能水电方案) can’t be built just anywhere, as they need lots of water and big hills or mountains.
Some experts believe that gravity systems are the cheapest way to store electricity. Gravity-stored electricity is maybe half the price of battery-stored electricity, but even so it is not cheap. In order to make gravity more effective, we would need to increase its force—and that, of course, is quite impossible. Yet gravity is not the only way of storing energy, and engineers are working on systems that store it using water pressure or compressed air...and even sand!
Storage is one of the big scientific challenges of our time, as storage is the essential partner of wind power and solar power. We need clean electricity 24 hours a day, not just when the sun is shining or the wind is blowing.
1.The word “abundant” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. expensive B. environmental C. famous D. plentiful
2.From the passage, we can know that ______.
A. gravity systems are the cheapest way to store electricity
B. “pumped storage” hydro schemes can be built on small hills
C. engineers in Switzerland first stored energy by using gravity creatively
D. experts have already made gravity more effective by increasing its force
3.Why does the author write this passage?
A. To tell the story of finding gravity. B. To show the importance of gravity.
C. To call on people to use clean electricity. D. To introduce a good way to store electricity.
篇章结构助攻
Para. 1 Lead in the topic: In some cases, batteries can be used to store electricity when the wind is not blowing and the sun is not shining; in other cases, we can use different methods like 1.__________ to store electricity.
Para. 2 Basic information about gravity
●Gravity has always been 2.__________ since the beginning of time.
●Isaac Newton called the force “gravity”, which then just meant “3.______”.
Para. 3 & Para. 4 The uses of gravity
●In ancient times, gravity was used as a source of 4.______ to irrigate fields and bring water to cities.
●In 1907, engineers in Switzerland first used gravity to 5.________ energy by pumping water up to lakes on big hills or mountains.
Para. 5 &Para. 6 The challenges of electricity storage
●Gravity-stored electricity is not cheap and it is impossible to increase its force.
●We need 6.________ electricity 24 hours a day, not just when the sun is shining or the wind is blowing.
长难句解惑
1.Everything will fall to the ground if it can do so, because there is a massive force that pulls things towards the centre of the earth.
(1)圈出连接并列分句的连词/从句引导词,在主语和谓语动词下画线,并用斜线划分并列分句/主从句。
(2)翻译：______________________________
2.However, the problem is that “pumped storage” hydro electric schemes can’t be built just everywhere, as they need lots of water and big hills or mountains.
(1)圈出连接并列分句的连词/从句引导词,在主语和谓语动词下画线,并用斜线划分并列分句/主从句。
(2)翻译：______________________________
一词多义
根据文章内容，选择下列词(文章中的粗体词)在文中的词义。
1.store ______ A. (n.) 商店 B. (n.) 仓库 C. (v.) 储存
2.case ______ A. (n.) 病例 B. (n.) 箱子 C. (n.) 情况 D. (n.) 案件
3.drive ______ A. (v.) 开车 B. (v.) 驱动 C. (v.) 迫使 D. (v.) 驱赶
词块积累
· face a big challenge 面临大挑战 · a source of power 能量来源
· in some cases 在一些情况下 · in particular 尤其是
· in other cases 在其他情况下 · half the price of... 是……价格的一半
· a variety of 各种各样的 · work on 努力完成(或改善)
· start with 从……开始 · call on 呼吁
· work out 计算出;解决

答案： 1.D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第2段第2句“It’s always...the beginning of time.”可知，重力自时间之初就一直存在于各个地方。因此重力是地球上最丰富的能量来源。D项plentiful意为“丰富的；充足的”与画线词abundant同义。故选D。2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第4段第1句“In 1907, engineers...to store energy.”可知，在1907年，瑞士的工程师首次用重力储存能量，C项表述与原文一致。故选C。3.D 【解析】写作目的题。第1段作者引出重力可以用来储电，第2段介绍了重力的一些基本信息，第3、4段介绍了重力在储电方面的应用，第5、6段介绍重力储电面临的挑战并指出储电的重要性和挑战性。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种储电的好方法。故选D。●篇章结构助攻 1.gravity 2.everywhere 3.weight 4.power 5.store 6.clean●长难句解惑 1.
(1)Everything will fall to the ground / if it can do so, / because there is a massive force / that pulls things towards the centre of the earth.
(2)如果能掉落，所有东西都会掉落到地上，因为有一股强大的力将它们拉向地球中心。2.
(1)However, the problem is / that “pumped storage” hydro electric schemes can’t be built just everywhere, / as they need lots of water and big hills or mountains.
(2)然而，问题是抽水蓄能水电方案并不能随便在任何地方都修建，因为实施这种方案需要大量水以及高山。●一词多义 1.C 2.C 3.B