《2025年5年中考3年模拟八年级英语下册北师大版北京专版》

A
跨生物·昆虫（2024北京石景山区中考二模）
Why go to all the trouble of building a drone if nature has already done the job for you? That is the attitude taken by some researchers who are trying to robotize insects. Some are working on turning flying insects into cyborgs (机械化有机体). Others prefer to focus on some small insects, by taking electronic control of cockroaches.
The first cyber - roach (半机械蟑螂) goes back to 1997, when Shimoyama Isao of Tokyo University sent electrical signals to a cockroach’s antennae, causing it to turn either left or right depending on which antenna was stimulated (刺激). Others have built on this method by using other parts of their bodies. They have also begun fitting the insects with instrument packs that might let them do a useful job: searching destroyed buildings for survivors.
One such is Sato Hirotaka of Nanyang Technological University, in Singapore. He has been working on cyber - insects for 15 years. Now, he has made another change to cyber - roaches. Instead of having their movements operated by a controller, his are run by computer programmes that react directly to built - in sensors in their backpacks. The backpacks contain a communications chip, a CO₂ sensor, a motion sensor, a camera and a tiny battery.
For search - and - save operations in destroyed buildings, groups of these cyber - roaches would be sent into the remains, to search for signs of life such as movement and high CO₂ levels from breathing. The AI that decides whether a set of signals actually shows the presence of a human being is programmed directly into the camera. If it thinks it has spotted someone, it warns saviors.
To test this, Dr Sato and his team ran trials in a man - made disaster zone. They laid out pieces of destroyed buildings in various shapes and sizes in an area of 25 m². There were several people among them, as well as things that could mislead the cyber - roaches. After programming the start and finish points of the search, they sent the cyber - roaches out. It is proved that they are able to recognise humans correctly 87% of the time, a success number Dr Sato thinks could be improved still further by collecting more images from different sides.
The next step of the project is to improve the system for outdoor use. That done, products of the backpacks will be put into the market within five years.
1. What can we learn about Dr Sato’s cyber - roaches?
A. They are run by computer programmes.
B. They use antennae to receive signals.
C. They can do more jobs than drones.
D. They are operated by a controller.
2. How did Dr Sato test his cyber - roaches?
A. He stimulated the cockroaches’ antennae.
B. He programmed the chips in the cockroaches’ bodies.
C. He sent them to the man - made remains to search for life.
D. He set the start and finish points to mislead the cockroaches.
3. According to the passage, what does Dr Sato think of cyber - roaches?
A. Cockroaches are proved to be future saviors.
B. They will be widely used outdoors within five years.
C. Cockroaches follow instructions better than other insects.
D. They can recognise lives better by collecting more images.

答案： 1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead of having their movements operated by a controller, his are run by computer programmes that react directly to built - in sensors in their backpacks.”可知，佐藤博士的半机械蟑螂是由计算机程序运行的。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For search - and - save operations in destroyed buildings, groups of these cyber - roaches would be sent into the remains, to search for signs of life”和第五段中的“To test this, Dr Sato and his team ran trials in a man - made disaster zone.”可知，他把他的半机械蟑螂送到人造灾区里寻找生命迹象。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“It is proved that they are able to recognise humans correctly 87% of the time, a success number Dr Sato thinks could be improved still further by collecting more images from different sides.”可知，通过收集更多的图像，它们可以更好地识别生命。故选D。