《2025年通成学典课时作业本高中英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2024·福建省莆田第一中学期中考试)What is the most important thing a scientist needs? E So I’m going to talk about three important things.
Asking questions
Most scientists are inspired by wanting to understand how things in the world work. A The questions might be driven by curiosity about something amazing in nature, like “Why do these birds have such fancy feathers(羽毛)?”. Or they might be driven by wanting to help communities or even the whole world with a problem, like “What can we do about climate change?”.
Finding answers
How do scientists investigate the world to find answers? It often takes a lot of training and some creativity. B It goes like this:
○ Ask a question;
○ Come up with a guess or hypothesis(假设) to answer your question;
○ Do an experiment to test your hypothesis;
○ Report what you learned, so others can learn from it too.
G But many others don’t. Some scientists do experiments. Some make observations instead, or create models of the things they want to learn about.
There is always more to learn
Becoming a scientist takes a lot of learning. But it is important for scientists to keep in mind that they don’t know everything. The relationship between science and the truth is complicated(复杂的). Scientists work hard to learn true things about the world. D A few hundred years ago, the cause of disease was thought to be some sort of poison in the air. Then we learned about bacteria and viruses, and figured out they can make us sick. But we still haven’t figured out how everything works.
A. That means they start by asking questions.
B. There is a thing called the scientific method.
C. Science doesn’t have to involve experiments.
D. But the things we think are true change over time.
E. Unfortunately, there’s not really one simple answer.
F. Also, not all scientific projects start with a hypothesis and then test it.
G. This is a good way to do science, and many scientists always follow these steps.
16. E
17. A
18. B
19. G
20. D

答案： [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于科学家来说重要的三件事。
16.E 该空是对设问的回答，承上启下。根据上下文内容可知，科学家需要的最重要的东西并不能一言以蔽之；作者在下文提到了三件重要的事情，故E项符合语境。E项中的answer与该空前的问句相呼应。
17.A 设空处补充说明前一句。根据本段的小标题Asking questions以及该空前的“Most scientists are inspired...work.”可知，对科学家来说，重要的事情之一是提出问题，许多科学家想要知道世界上的事情是如何运转的，这激励着他们进行科学探索，A项指出首先得提出问题，符合此处的语境。A项中的they指代该空前的scientists，且A项中的asking questions与该段小标题Asking questions是原词复现。
18.B 根据该段首句“How do scientists...answers?”以及该空后的“It goes like this...”可知，该空指出了科学家寻找答案的方法，B项指出有一种东西叫作科学方法，符合此处的语境。
19.G 该空与后一句为转折关系。根据该空后的“But many others don’t...learn about.”可知，并不是所有的科学家都使用上述方法，其他科学家使用了很多与之不同的科研方法。G项指出许多科学家都遵循这些步骤，符合此处的语境。
20.D 设空处与前一句为转折关系，与后面的内容为例证关系。根据上文内容可知，科学家努力地去探索事情的真相，但是我们所认为是对的事情会随着时代的发展而变化，故D项符合此处的语境。D项中的true与上文中的true是原词复现。