《2025年通成学典课时作业本高中英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A(2025·湖北省部分普通高中期中联考)
Science is often considered a male-dominated field. But the field is rich in female scientists who have made important discoveries.
Ada Lovelace, Mathematician (Dec. 10, 1815—Nov. 27, 1852)
Ada Lovelace was an English mathematician, primarily known for her work on Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer. While she did not have a formal degree in the modern sense, Lovelace is regarded as the first computer programmer—long before modern computers were invented.
Chien-Shiung Wu, Physicist (May 31, 1912—Feb. 16, 1997)
Originally from China, where she earned her degree in physics from the National Central University in Nanjing, Chien-Shiung Wu became a leading figure in science. Wu is famous for her “Wu experiment”, which overturned the principle of parity conservation(宇称守恒原理) in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, with Wu’s critical role in the work overlooked.
Janaki Ammal, Botanist (Nov. 4, 1897—Feb. 7, 1984)
As India’s first female plant scientist, Janaki Ammal made significant progress in the fields of botany. Educated in India and the U.S., she held notable positions including teaching at the Women’s Christian College. She extended her work overseas in England before returning to India, contributing greatly to plant breeding until her death in 1984.
Katherine Johnson, Mathematician (Aug. 26, 1918—Feb. 24, 2020)
Katherine Johnson played a key role at NASA. She overcame racial and gender barriers, making crucial calculations for the trajectories(轨迹) of spacecraft. Recognized for her contributions, Johnson received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. Her story, highlighted in the film Hidden Figures, inspires generations in STEM fields.
(D) 1. What did the woman scientist who died young achieve according to the passage?
A. She challenged a physics theory.
B. She made breakthroughs in botany.
C. She assisted with space exploration.
D. She contributed to the field of the computer program.
(C) 2. Which scientist once held a teaching position in college according to the passage?
A. Ada Lovelace.
B. Chien-Shiung Wu.
C. Janaki Ammal.
D. Katherine Johnson.
(B) 3. What similar experience did Chien-Shiung Wu and Katherine Johnson have?
A. They both won the Nobel Prize.
B. They faced gender barriers at work.
C. Their stories were made into films.
D. They were awarded degrees in China.

答案： A[语篇解读]这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位杰出的女性科学家及其贡献。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Ada Lovelace英年早逝，且在计算机编程领域做出了重要贡献。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Educated in India and...College.”可知答案。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中Wu’s critical role in the work overlooked以及第五段中She overcame racial and gender barriers可推知，两位科学家在工作中都面临性别壁垒。