《2025年通成学典课时作业本高中英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

五、阅读理解(4小题,共20分)
(2025·新课标Ⅰ卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. "The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte - Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. "We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics."
(C) 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quoting an expert.
B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples.
D. By providing statistics.
(A) 2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A. The hardness of water.
B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering.
D. The type of plastic in water.
(B) 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4?
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
(B) 4. What is Gauchotte - Lindsay's suggestion about?
A. The choice of new research methods.
B. The possible direction for further research.
C. The need to involve more researchers.
D. The potential application of the findings.

答案： 五、[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了微塑料污染的普遍性，研究发现煮沸并过滤自来水可去除至少80％的微塑料，其效果取决于水中碳酸钙含量。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，作者列举微塑料在深海、喜马拉雅、南极雪等场景的存在，以举例子的方式呈现污染问题。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics ... boiling hard water ... led to an almost 90 percent drop ...”可知，煮沸去微塑料的效果依赖水中的碳酸钙含量，硬水（碳酸钙含量高）去除率近90％，软水去除率低，因此水的硬度决定了处理效果。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，瓶装水中微塑料含量远超预期，作者借此说明微塑料污染问题的严重性。
4. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”可知，专家建议升级饮用水处理厂以去除微塑料，这指明了未来研究可能的发展方向。