《2025年通成学典课时作业本高中英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

D(2025·南京航空航天大学苏州附属中学期中考试)
Most people enjoy variety. We like to eat different foods from meal to meal. We wear different clothes. We become bored when there is little variety. Nevertheless, there’s one place where we tend to dislike variety, and that’s in each other. We often feel uncomfortable with people who practise different habits, or hold beliefs or values that we do not share.
There are reasons for this. When we are exposed to new and different things, our brain works a bit harder than usual. When we’re learning, our nerve cells require more resources, such as water, salt, and various other chemicals. This extra metabolic(新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel worse if our nervous system is already under pressure, like in the midst of the pandemic.
This sort of variation may be uncomfortable for individuals, but it’s critical to the survival of any species. If all finches(雀科鸣鸟) were identical, for example, and their environment changed in some significant, harmful ways, like an increase in the temperature or a decrease in water, all of them would be equally affected and the species might become extinct. This insight into variation comes from Charles Darwin, and it’s known as population thinking. The idea of “survival of the fittest” implies that individuals must vary. Some are more suited than others for a given environment, making it easier for them to survive, grow, and reproduce. Variation is therefore a requisite for natural selection to work.
Dealing with the vast variety of humankind can be demanding, but it’s a good investment, sort of like exercise for your brain. When you meet a person who is different from you, treat your discomfort as a signal to be curious and learn instead of a signal of a problem. Don’t hold that the person should be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make you more flexible in adapting to challenging situations.
(A) 12. Which of the following might make people feel uncomfortable?
A. Socializing with people from diverse cultures.
B. Having an adventure in the wild.
C. Sharing travelling experiences with others.
D. Taking a trip to a foreign country.
(D) 13. What does the second paragraph focus on?
A. The role of the nervous system in learning new things.
B. People’s unwillingness to deal with new things.
C. The significance of learning new things in our life.
D. The biological explanations for people’s discomfort.
(C) 14. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “requisite” in Paragraph 3?
A. Drive.
B. Challenge.
C. Requirement.
D. Replacement.
(B) 15. What does the writer mainly want to convey?
A. How we should treat the differences we find in others.
B. Why we should get along with people different from us.
C. Why we tend to chase and enjoy variation.
D. How we can benefit from seeking variation.

答案： D[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们为什么应该和不同的人相处并且给出了原因。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We often feel uncomfortable...share.”可知答案。
13.D 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲的是人们感到不舒服的生物学解释。
14.C 词义猜测题。画线词前文说明有些物种比其他物种更适合特定的环境，意味着个体必须有所不同，从而推知，画线词意为“先决条件，前提条件”，与C项意思相近。
15.B 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“There are reasons for this.”和最后一段内容可知，作者主要想表达的是为什么我们应该和不同的人相处。