《2025年通成学典课时作业本高中英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

五、阅读理解(4小题,共20分)
(2025·浙江省丽水市五校高中发展共同体期中联考)In the decades following the beginning of the Green Revolution, agricultural food production has increased dramatically. Unfortunately, there are disadvantages to the farming methods and technologies that allow of this increase.
One problematic feature of industrial agriculture is land use: Half of the habitable land on Earth is currently used for farming. Land that used to be home to biodiverse ecosystems has been cleared for agricultural use, and many commercial farms use monoculture farming(单一种植). Though monoculture farms produce more crops like wheat and corn, they are more likely to be affected by disease and use up nutrients in the soil.
Another issue with industrial farming is the overuse of fertilizers, particularly fertilizers that use nutrients like nitrogen(氮) and phosphorus(磷). Crops only use a part of the nitrogen and phosphorus applied to them, with the rest contributing to run - off that pollutes the surrounding ecosystem. This nutrient pollution creates "dead zones" through a process called eutrophication(富营养化): Algae are plants that consume nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to algal blooms(大量繁殖). When some algae die off due to overgrowth, the bacteria that break down the dead algae will use up the water's oxygen supply, starving fish and other organisms of oxygen.
In order to solve the problems while meeting the nutritional needs of a growing global population, the agricultural sector needs to shift its focus from industrial agriculture to permaculture, a way of growing food that copies how nature works, with lots of different plants and animals living together. This helps to make sure we get the most food possible while keeping the environment healthy. By protecting the land, water, and air, people may yet find solutions to the problems of industrial agriculture.
(A)1. What is a consequence of monoculture farming?
A. It leads to the reduction of soil nutrients.
B. It lowers the output of wheat and corn.
C. It brings benefits to the local ecosystem.
D. It makes farms more resistant to diseases.
(B)2. What does the underlined word "run - off" refer to in Paragraph 3?
A. Half of the nutrients and water.
B. Water flowing over the ground.
C. Nutrients and water for fertilization.
D. The nutrients absorbed by plants.
(B)3. Why does the author mention algae?
A. To compare nitrogen with phosphorus.
B. To illustrate how eutrophication works.
C. To show eutrophication's impact on fish.
D. To explain why algae die during eutrophication.
(D)4. What is the suggested alternative to industrial farming?
A. A complete stop of industrial farming.
B. A shift towards applying more nutrients.
C. A return to pre - Green Revolution farming.
D. A focus on natural - ecosystem - like farming.

答案： 五、[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工业化农业所产生的问题及其替代方案。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Though monoculture farms produce more crops like wheat and corn, they are more likely to be affected by disease and use up nutrients in the soil.”可知，单一种植的后果是导致土壤养分减少。
2. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及其前文内容可知，肥料中的氮和磷只有一部分被农作物吸收，其余部分被水流带到周围造成污染，从而推知画线部分意思是“流过地面的水”。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，作者提到藻类是为了说明富营养化是如何起作用的。
4. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，工业化农业的替代方案是注重自然生态系统式的农业。