《2025年成才之路高中新课程学习指导高中英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

1. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula $E=mc^{2}$.
他对世界做出了许多贡献，最为知名的是广义相对论和著名的公式 $E=mc^{2}$。
句型剖析
the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula $E=mc^{2}$. 是句子的独立主格结构
联想拓展
独立主格结构常见的独立主格结构有：
名词/代词 + $\left\{\begin{array}{l} 现在分词/过去分词/不定式\\ 形容词/副词/介词短语\\ 名词\end{array}\right.$
经典例句
The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly, her long hair flowing in the breeze.
照片上的女孩笑得很甜，长发在微风中飘动。
温馨提示
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。
即学即用
单句语法填空
(1)The work finished (finish), they left the office and went home.
(2)The exam to be held (hold) tomorrow, I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
完成句子
(3)他们一个接一个地粉刷栅栏，每个人都给汤姆一个或大或小的奖励。
One by one they whitewashed the fence, each giving Tom a reward, big or small.

答案： 1.
(1)finished
(2)to be held
(3)each giving Tom a reward

2. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。
句型剖析
句中“found the doors of academic institutions closed to him”为“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构。closed 为动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语，动词 close 与 the doors of academic institutions 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动。find 的复合宾语结构如下：
联想拓展
“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构用法归纳：
find + 宾语 + $\left\{\begin{array}{l} 现在分词(表示主动、进行)\\ 过去分词(表示被动、完成)\\ 形容词/副词\\ 介词短语\end{array}\right.$
find + it + 形容词/名词 + to do (it 是形式宾语，to do 是真正的宾语)
经典例句
He found himself walking in the direction of his mother's place.
他发现自己正朝他妈妈的方向走去。
Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.
甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。
即学即用
单句语法填空
(1)(2024·1 月浙江卷) Having a poor sense of direction, Eva found it impossible to get (get) around in such a huge building.
(2) When he came back, he found his books packed (pack) up.
(3) When she turned around, she found someone staring (stare) at her.
完成句子
(4)当他到达时，他发现所有的工作都完成了。
When he arrived, he found all the work finished.

答案： 2.
(1)to get
(2)packed
(3)staring
(4)found all the work finished