《2025年创新设计高中英语选择性必修第二册北师大版》

1. At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei(1564 — 1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
[学会断句] 这是一个由and 连接的较为复杂的复合句；第二个分句中，主语是peo-ple,谓语是were punished；介词短语 like Galileo Galilei作people的后置定语，who proved the idea是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Galileo Galilei; that引导同位语从句，作idea的同位语，解释说明idea的内容；with no one coming to their defence是with复合结构在句中作状语。
尝试翻译：
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答案： 1.并列 后置定语 非限制性定语 同位语 同位语 with复合结构 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。

2. It is not surprising that people wanted to be-lieve these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aris-totle(384—322 BCE).
[学会断句] 本句为“It is＋形容词＋that从句”结构，其中It作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384—322 BCE)为as引导的原因状语从句。
尝试翻译：
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答案： 2.形式主语 原因状语 人们愿意相信伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出的这些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。

3. But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times.
[学会断句] 本句中even though引导从句，其中who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him为who引导的定语从句。
尝试翻译：
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答案： 3.让步状语 定语 但即使是亚里士多德这样曾鼓舞了许多在他之后的伟大科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。

Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
“Who 1.questions (question) much, shall learn much, and remember much,” said Francis Bacon. Now it seems obvious how we acquire knowledge and 2.understanding (under-stand). However, in the 17th century, peo-ple believed more in the church than in facts. As 3.a result, people who proved 4.scientific (science) ideas were often punished. Many people tended 5.to ignore (ignore) the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had believed. Till today, people still feel that if someone important and 6.respected (respect) says that something is right, then it must be so. 7.But sometimes great men such as Aristotle and Galilei might make mistakes. Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is 8.constantly ( constant ) growing and changing. In other 9.words (word), we learn more every day and none of us can simply say, “We know it all.”
“All truths are easy to understand 10.once they are discovered; the point is to discover them,” said Galileo Galilei.

答案： 1.questions 2.understanding 3.a 4.scientific 5.to ignore 6.respected 7.But 8.constantly 9.words 10.once