《2024年绿色通道45分钟课时作业与单元测评英语选择性必修第三册》

I.阅读理解
　　(2024·辽宁大连部分高中高二联考)
Insects have difficulty handling the rising temperature brought on by climate changes. The ability to reproduce is also strongly affected by rising temperatures, even in northern areas of the world, according to a new study from Lund University in Sweden.
　　Insects cannot change their own body temperature, which is strongly influenced by the temperature in their immediate environment. In the current study, the researchers studied two closely related species of dragonflies in Sweden. The goal was to understand their ability to adapt to changes in temperature.
　　To study this, the researchers used a combination of field work in southern Sweden and thermography, a technology that makes it possible to measure body temperature in natural conditions. The information was then connected to the survival rates and reproductive success of the dragonflies in their natural populations.
　　The study shows that the survivorship of the dragonflies is high at relatively low temperatures (15℃−20℃). The reproductive ability is higher at temperatures between 20℃ and 30℃.
　　"There is therefore a temperature - dependent problem between survival on the one hand and the ability to reproduce on the other hand,” says Erik Svensson, a professor at the Department of Biology at Lund University, who led the study.
　　The study also shows that the dragonflies' ability to handle heat - related stress is limited. Insects are cold - blooded animals, so they rely on outside sources such as the sun or hot stones to raise their body temperature.
　　“Our results show that cold - blooded animals can suffer from overheating even if they live far up in the northern areas, and that their ability to change their body temperature against rising outside temperatures is limited. The results also challenge a popular theory that animals' plasticity can help them survive under harsher environments, such as during heat waves,” says Erik Svensson.
1. What is the purpose of the study?
A. To find the relationship between survival rate and temperature.
B. To figure out the difficulties of northern insects' adaption.
C. To show dragonflies’ ability to deal with changes in temperature.
D. To prove animals' plasticity in the hot environment.

2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The way of the study.
B. The result of the study.
C. The importance of the study.
D. The object of the study.

3. What can be learnt from Erik Svensson's study?
A. Insects' survival has nothing to do with temperatures.
B. Insects show low survival rates at lower temperatures.
C. Insects change body temperatures to improve survival rates.
D. Insects have higher reproductive ability between 20℃ and 30℃.

4. What does the underlined word “harsher” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. More comfortable.
B. More difficult.
C. More suitable.
D. More pleasant.

答案： 1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the current study, the researchers studied two closely related species of dragonflies in Sweden. The goal was to understand their ability to adapt to changes in temperature.”可知，这项研究的目的是揭示蜻蜓应对气温变化的能力。故选C。
2.A 段落大意题。根据第三段“To study this, the researchers used a combination of fieldwork in southern Sweden and thermography, a technology that makes it possible to measure body temperature in natural conditions. The information was then connected to the survival rates and reproductive success of the dragonflies in their natural populations.”可知，本段提到为了研究这一点，研究人员结合了在瑞典南部的实地工作和热像图——一种可以在自然条件下测量体温的技术。这些信息随后与蜻蜓在自然种群中的存活率和繁殖成功率联系起来。由此可知，本段主要介绍了研究方法。故选A。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The reproductive ability is higher at temperatures between 20°C and 30°C.”可知，昆虫在20°C和30°C之间具有较高的繁殖能力。故选D。
4.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“The results also challenge a popular theory that animals' plasticity can help them survive”以及下文的“such as during heatwaves”可推知，研究结果也挑战了一个流行理论，即动物的可塑性可以帮助它们在热浪等更艰难的环境下生存。由此可知，画线词的意思是“更艰难的”。故选B。

II.七选五
　　(2024·广西梧州高二练习) Wetlands, making up about 6% of Earth's land surface, are found on every continent except for Antarctica.1___
       Protecting against floods. Wetlands play a crucial role in protecting against floods. The plants and soil in wetlands act as natural sponges (海绵), storing excess water during heavy rainfall or storms. 2___
       Purifying(净化) water. Wetlands have exceptional abilities to purify water. Acting as natural filters, the plants, soil and micro creatures in wetlands remove sediments, excess nutrients and pollutants from water sources.3___ This process helps to improve water quality. And the water can be suitable for various aquatic life. Wetlands are particularly effective in removing harmful chemicals, heavy metals and excessive nitrogen and phosphorus(磷), which can otherwise cause water pollution.
      4.____ Supporting life. Wetlands are incredibly productive ecosystems, providing habitats for a diverse range of plant and animal species. The complex and dynamic wetland environments support a lot of amphibians, birds, fish, mammals, reptiles and invertebrates. Many of these species are dependent on wetlands for survival, using them as breeding grounds, feeding areas and nurseries. Wetlands also serve as important stopover sites for migratory birds, offering them crucial resting and feeding areas during their long journeys.
       Fighting climate change. Aside from these vital functions, wetlands also play a significant role in fighting climate change.5___Wetland plants have remarkable carbon storage capabilities. They act as carbon sinks, absorbing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thus mitigating the greenhouse effect and reducing the impacts of climate change. Moreover, wetlands help regulate local and regional climates by influencing the temperature, humidity and rainfall patterns. They act as natural cooling systems, reducing heat island effects and moderating the local temperature.
　　However, the world's wetlands are being lost at an alarming rate. Restoration and conservation projects offer hope that these ecosystems can be saved.

A. Supporting life.
B. Protecting birds.
C. The water stored in wetlands can be drunk.
D. This process helps to improve water quality.
E. Wetlands play an important role despite their small coverage.
F. Wetland plants have remarkable carbon storage capabilities.
G. Thus, wetlands can reduce the risk of flooding in surrounding areas.

答案： 1.E 根据上文“Wetlands, making up about 6% of Earth's land surface, are found on every continent except for Antarctica.”及下文对湿地作用的介绍可知，虽然湿地覆盖面积小，但是也有很重要的作用。由此可知，E项“Wetlands play an important role despite their small coverage.”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
2.G 根据上文“Protecting against floods. Wetlands play a crucial role in protecting against floods. The plants and soil in wetlands act as natural sponges (海绵), storing excess water during heavy rainfall or storms.”可知，湿地能够储存多余的水分，在防洪方面起着至关重要的作用。由此可知，G项“Thus, wetlands can reduce the risk of flooding in surrounding areas.”能够承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
3.D 根据上文“Purifying (净化) water. Wetlands have exceptional abilities to purify water. Acting as natural filters, the plants, soil and micro - creatures in wetlands remove sediments, excess nutrients and pollutants from water sources.”可知，湿地有特殊的净化水的能力，能够改善水质。由此可知，D项能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
4.A 空处为本段主旨句，应概括本段内容。根据下文“Wetlands are incredibly productive ecosystems, providing habitats for a diverse range of plant and animal species. The complex and dynamic... and invertebrates.”可知，湿地为各种动植物物种提供栖息地，能够支持生命。由此可知，A项“Supporting life.”适合作本段主旨句，符合语境。故选A。
5.F 根据下文“They act as carbon sinks, absorbing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thus mitigating the greenhouse effect and reducing the impacts of climate change.”可知，湿地具有碳存储能力。由此可知，F项“Wetland plants have remarkable carbon storage capabilities.”能够引起下文，符合语境。故选F。