《2024年绿色通道45分钟课时作业与单元测评英语选择性必修第三册》

                                                                            A
The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack. While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources, research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals.
But now, a study from the University of North Carolina has found that the coating of algae that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the scent of food.
The researchers took 15 loggerhead turtles, each around five months old, and placed them in a laboratory tank. They then piped in clean water, clean plastic, turtle food, and plastic that had been immersed in the marine environment for five weeks.
The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic. But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean - soaked plastic or turtle food, they exhibited food - seeking behaviours like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities.
“This finding is the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them,” said Dr Kenneth J. Lohmann, who took part in the study. “It's common to find loggerhead turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they've eaten plastic materials. There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stranded on the beach due to their ingestion(摄食)of plastic.”
According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other marine animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source. “Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food,” said Lohmann.
1. Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to marine animals?
A. It may eat up all jellyfish.
B. It may mislead them into thinking it is food.
C. It may kill them with its smell.
D. It may trap 700 species of sea animals.
2. What may attract the loggerhead turtles in the laboratory tank to search for food?
A. Sea water.
B. Clear water.
C. Brand - new plastic.
D. Sea - soaked plastic.
3. What can be inferred from Lohmann's words in the last paragraph?
A. Turtles should be trained to be more intelligent.
B. Plastics should be kept from getting into the ocean.
C. An abundant food source should be offered to sea animals.
D. Researchers should come up with a solution to the current problem.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Ways Found to Remove Plastic
B. Loggerhead Turtles Faced with Food Shortage
C. Ocean Plastics Smell like Food to Turtles
D. Plastic Pollution−Compromise or Control?

答案： 1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack.”可知，塑料污染给海洋生物带来的威胁在于很多海洋生物会把塑料垃圾误当作食物。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean - soaked plastic or turtle food, they exhibited food - seeking behaviours like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities.”可知，实验显示能够吸引红海龟觅食的是龟粮或浸泡过海水的塑料。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food”可知，一旦塑料垃圾进入海洋，我们就没有办法使它们消失或阻止它们闻起来像食物。由此可以推断，塑料垃圾应被阻止进入海洋。故选B。
4.C 标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文借助红海龟对不同物品气味的反应的实验说明了海洋中的塑料垃圾会因其散发出来的气味被海洋生物误食，从而对海洋生物的生存造成极大的威胁，故C项最适合作本文的标题。故选C。