《2024年绿色通道45分钟课时作业与单元测评英语选择性必修第三册》

I.阅读理解
　　Research has previously shown that years living alone can have harmful effects on a person's health, and a new study published Monday shows that at least one of those impacts may be particularly bad for men.
　　The study looked at blood samples of 4,835 participants from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) to examine levels of inflammation (炎症).
　　“We have found a significant association between partnership breakups or years living alone and inflammation for men only, after adjustment for selected confounders (干扰因素),” said Dr Karolina Davidsen, research associate in the Department of Public Health at the University of Copenhagen and publishing author of the study. “In women, we find no such effect.” The study, published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), looked at both years living alone and the number of breakups because the end of significant relationships are often followed by years living alone.
　　“This study strengthens the link experts have seen between the nervous system and inflammation, which is a significant contributor to heart disease,” said Dr Peter Libby, a cardiovascular (心血管的) medicine specialist at Brigham and Women's Hospital, who was not involved in the study. “There is increasing understanding of fundamental links between psychological stress and physical health related to inflammation.”

Dr Davidsen said that while women didn't report this finding, one reason for this could be the fact that there were fewer women in the study than men.
　　“The levels of inflammation in the participants might also have looked different if they were measured at more advanced ages,” Dr Davidsen said. “The average age of those studied was 54.5 years old, and it is possible that the impacts of the breakups and years living alone would have continued as the participants aged.”
1. What element is looked at in the study?
A. Blood types.
B. Social status.
C. Cultural background.
D. Periods of living alone.
2. Why do women show no significant effects according to Dr Davidsen?
A. Women handle loneliness better.
B. Fewer women are surveyed.
C. Women differ from men physically.
D. Women care more about themselves.
3. What can we learn from the study?
A. The researchers involved are male.
B. The result has caused lots of arguments.
C. The impacts will continue as people age.
D. The impacts decline when people grow old.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Living Alone: A Cause of Inflammation
B. Living Alone: A Great Threat to Men's Health
C. Inflammation: A Contributor to Heart Disease
D. Inflammation: A Factor in Health Improvement

答案： 1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study, published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), looked at both years living alone and the number of breakups... by years living alone.”可知，这项研究调查了独居的年数和情感关系结束的次数。故选D。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“One reason for this could be the fact that there were fewer women in the study than men”可知，戴维森博士说，在研究中，女性独居者不像男性独居者那样与炎症有明显的相关性，可能是因为此研究中的女性参与者较少。故选B。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it is possible that the... as the participants aged”可知，随着人们年龄的增长，这种影响将继续存在。故选C。
4.B 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Research has previously shown... may be particularly bad for men.”可知，之前的研究已表明，多年的独居会对一个人的健康产生有害影响，而最近发表的一项研究发现，那些影响中至少有一项对男性的影响尤为严重，后文各段对此研究展开了具体说明。由此可知，B项“独居：男性健康的一大威胁”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。