《2024年绿色通道45分钟课时作业与单元测评英语选择性必修第三册》

II.七选五
　　　　　　                                     The Story of Music
　　How did music begin?　Did our early ancestors first start by beating things together to create rhythm,or using their voices to sing?What types of instruments did they use?　　1       These are some of the questions explored in a recent article published in Frontiers in Sociology.The answers show that the story of music is,in many ways,the story of humans.
　　What is music?This is difficult to answer,as everyone has their own idea.　“Sound that conveys emotion”is what Jeremy Montagu,of the University of Oxford and author of the article,describes at this.
　　　2　　If we take singing,then controlling pitch(音高)is important.Scientists have studied the skulls and jaws of early apes,to see if they were able to make a sound and control pitch.
About a million years ago,the common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans had the vocal anatomy to“sing”　like us,　but it's impossible to know if they did.
　　
Another important component of music is rhythm.Our early ancestors may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands.　　3        Many of these instruments are likely to have been made from soft materials like wood,and so haven't survived.What have survived are bone pip
So,we know that music is old,and may have been with us from when humans first evolved.But why did it arise and why has it existed?There are many possible functions of music.One is dancing.Another obvious reason for music is entertainment.　　4
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　However,　the major reason why music arises and exists may be that it brings people together.　　5　　He concludes,“It has even been suggested that music,in causing such bonding,created not only the family but society itself,bringing individuals together who might otherwise have lived alone."
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.When did our ancestors begin making music?
B.Music can express certain emotion that you can feel.
C.Our ancestors created music by beating stones or sticks by accident.
D.Has music always been important in human society,and if so,why?
E.Music can also be used for communication,often over large distances.
F.“Music leads to bonding,such as bonding between mother and child or bonding between groups,”explains Montagu.
G.This may be linked to the earliest musical instruments,when somebody realised that smacking stones or sticks together didn't hurt his hands as much.

答案： 1.D 根据上文“How did music begin? Did our early ancestors first... did they use?”及下文“These are some of the questions... the story of humans.”可知，设空处应该提出一个问题，与上文的三个问题并列，可在A、D两项中选择。根据语境可知，D项“音乐在人类社会中一直很重要吗？如果是，为什么？”与上文的三个问题衔接比较合理。故选D。
2.A 根据下文“Scientists have studied the... and control pitch.”可知，科学家们研究了早期猿类的头骨和下颌，设空处应提出“什么时候开始有音乐”这一问题。A项“我们的祖先是什么时候开始演奏音乐的？”符合语境。故选A。
3.G 根据上文“Our early ancestors may have created rhythmic music by clapping their hands.”及下文“Many of these instruments... bone pipes.”可知，设空处应提到乐器与拍手之间的关联。G项“这可能和最早的乐器有关，当有人意识到同时敲击石头或木棍对他的手没多大伤害时”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
4.E 根据上文“There are many possible functions of music. One is dancing. Another... entertainment.”可知，设空处应为音乐的另一个功能。E项“音乐还可以用于远距离交流”符合语境。故选E。
5.F 根据上文“However, the major reason why music arises and exists may be that it brings people together.”可知，设空处应说明音乐可以促进人们之间的联系。F项“蒙塔古解释说：‘音乐会促进联系，比如母亲和孩子之间的联系，或者是群体之间的联系’”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。

III.完形填空
　　(2024.安徽安庆宿松中学高二校考)Najma (also named Nujuum)is a respected female artist,whose paintings are winning a global following. But Nujuum is not your　　1　　next−generation rising star. Nujuum grew up in Somalia, where new artists, especially female ones, are　　2　　from pursuing art.
　　This young artist grew up in a　　3　　environment, which she has　　4　　to watching a horror movie: war, drought, poverty and hunger. Since Nujuum was seven,　　5　　Nujuum went, she felt moved to paint.
As a child, on her way home from school, she would stop by the　　6　　and draw pictures in the sand. “I was thinking of creating my own little world, getting away from the　　7　. Art has always been a form of　8　for me.” As she went through school, she drew a whole city on her bedroom wall using her school pencils.
　　However, Nujuum was　　9　　that art isn't a respected profession in her country. “Art,　　10　, in the Somalian community is not a good thing to do,” she says.
　　Her mother did not share her dreams, nor did her neighbours who considered them　　11　.
　　This　　12　　made her give up art for a while.
　　However, she realised that she had a　　13　: “Either continue drawing and painting and create a beautiful life or I stay unhappy for the rest of my life.”
　　Finally, Nujuum turned her　　14　　in art into something she could make a living from.
　　She　　15　　opening a school one day for other talented local artists, enabling them to choose art as a career too.

1. A. strange B. intelligent C. ambitious D. typical
2. A. protected B. discouraged C. helped D. kept
3. A. peaceful B. comfortable C. terrible D. civilised
4. A. compared B. refused C. determined D. failed
5. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. everywhere D. where
6. A. shore B. table C. station D. store
7. A. imagination B. extinction C. reality D. danger
8. A. survival B. relief C. excellence D. reward
9. A. concerned B. likely C. optimistic D. aware
10. A. in general B. in person C. in shock D. in secret
11. A. normal B. confusing C. useful D. strange
12. A. pressure B. shame C. consequence D. extent
13. A. advantage B. opportunity C. intention D. choice
14. A. tendency B. appreciation C. interest D. entertainment
15. A. approves of B. dreams of C. consists of D. knows of

答案： 1.D 根据下文“Nujuum, 26, grew up in Somalia, where new artists, especially female ones, are discouraged from pursuing art.”并结合下文描述Nujuum在追梦途中遇到的困难可知，她并不是你眼中典型的下一代新星。故选D。
2.B 根据上文“grew up in Somalia”及下文“that art isn't a respected profession in her country”可知，索马里不鼓励新艺术家尤其女性艺术家追求艺术。故选B。
3.C 根据下文“watching a horror movie: war, drought, poverty and hunger”可知，Nujuum是在可怕的生活环境中长大的。故选C。
4.A 根据上文“living environment”及下文“watching a horror movie: war, drought, poverty and hunger”可知，Nujuum将自己的生活环境比作看恐怖电影。故选A。
5.C 根据下文“she would sit by the shore and draw pictures in the sand”可知，Nujuum喜欢画画，无论她走到哪里，她都想画画。故选C。
6.A 根据下文“draw pictures in the sand”可知，Nujuum会坐在岸边，在沙滩上画画。故选A。
7.C 根据上文“creating my own little world”可知，Nujuum想要创造自己的小世界，逃离现实。故选C。
8.B 根据上文“getting away from the reality”可知，沉浸在艺术中对于Nujuum来说是一种解脱。故选B。
9.D 根据下文“Art, generally, in the Somalian community is not a good thing to do”可知，Nujuum意识到，在索马里，艺术不是一个受人尊敬的职业。故选D。
10.A 根据下文“Her mother did not share her dreams, nor did her neighbours”可知，她周围的人都不看好艺术，所以，总体上，在索马里社区从事艺术并不是一件好事。故选A。
11.D 根据上文“Her mother did not share her dreams, nor did her neighbours”可知，邻居们认为追求艺术的梦想很奇怪。故选D。
12.A 根据下文“made her give up art for a while”可知，上文中讲到大家不理解从事艺术，这是一种压力。故选A。
13.D 根据下文“Either I continue drawing and painting and create a beautiful life or I stay unhappy for the rest of my life.”可知，Nujuum意识到自己有一种选择。故选D。
14.C 根据上文的描述可知，Nujuum对艺术有浓厚的兴趣，最终将这种对艺术的兴趣变成了自己能够谋生的东西，即自己的职业。故选C。
15.B 根据下文“opening a school one day for other talented local artists, enabling them to choose art as a career too”可知，Nujuum梦想着有一天能够为当地其他有才华的艺术家开办一所学校。故选B。