《2025年小题狂做九年级英语上册译林版巅峰版》

B(2024·南京淮期中)

Rainbows are created by light shining through water or clear objects. In nature, rainbows usually appear where rain and sunlight meet. Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light. Science, though, has unlocked their mysteries.
Where and when rainbows appear
Notice the weather the next time you see a rainbow. There will be rain or mist(薄雾) in front of you, and the sun will be shining from behind you. The rainbow will appear in the rain or mist. Water in the air and direct light are the two things needed to see a rainbow in nature. A rainbow won't appear if the sky is too cloudy.
The best time to see a rainbow is usually in the morning or late afternoon. That's when the sun is in the best place to create one. If you're lucky, you might see a double or even a triple rainbow.
You can sometimes see rainbows in the mist of a waterfall too. A fountain(喷泉) can create a small rainbow, and a sprinkler(洒水器) on a sunny day may put on a colourful show. Rainbows can even form under a bright moon. These special rainbows are called moonbows.
To a viewer, a rainbow looks like a half circle. However, a rainbow actually forms a full circle. From the ground, most times we can only see a rainbow's top half. Sometimes though, lucky airline pilots may see a rainbow's complete circle from the sky.
How rainbows form
René Descartes was a French scientist. He was born over four hundred years ago. He was attracted by rainbows and wanted to learn more about them. He used sunlight and a big ball filled with water to do experiments. Descartes discovered that to see a rainbow, the viewer must be looking at the light from the right angle(角度). To understand rainbows, it helps to understand how light travels. Light moves at different speeds through different mediums(介质). Think of running on land. Then imagine running in knee-deep water. You move slower through water. In the same way, light moves faster through air than through water. This happens because water is thicker than air. When light enters water, it slows and changes its original path. This process makes objects, such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water, seem to bend(弯曲).
We can see rainbows in nature when direct light meets drops of rain. Sunlight refracts as it enters each drop. The light then reflects, or bounces, off the inside of each drop, like light off a mirror. The light reflects again as it exits the drop. Light refracts and reflects in millions of water droplets in the sky at the same time. This process makes all the colours of a rainbow.
1. Which sentence below can best explain the underlined sentence "Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light" in Paragraph 1?
A. Rainbows are tricks made by many scientists.
B. Someone lied to us about the truth of rainbows.
C. Rainbows are made by some unknown magic tricks.
D. The light plays tricks on people's eyes and makes rainbows.
2. In which of the following situations, a rainbow CAN'T form?
A. Over a sprinkler on a very cloudy day.
B. On a misty morning.
C. Over a fountain under a bright moon.
D. In the mist of a waterfall.
3. Which could be the best picture for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6?

4. Which statement below is TRUE according to the article?
A. A rainbow can be a complete circle as well as a half circle.
B. You need to stand at the right angle to see a rainbow.
C. Light can actually make a pencil bend in water.
D. Light moves faster in thicker mediums like water.

答案： 1. D 提示:推理判断题。"Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light."意为"彩虹是光的美丽把戏"。这句话的意思是光通过折射、反射等作用让我们看到彩虹,就好像在跟我们的眼睛玩把戏一样。因此D选项"光对人的眼睛玩把戏,从而形成彩虹"是最能解释这句话的。
2. A 提示:细节理解题。根据第四段中"A fountain can create a small rainbow, and a sprinkler on a sunny day may put on a colourful show."及第二段最后一句"A rainbow won't appear if the sky is too cloudy."可知,洒水器在晴朗的天气可以形成彩虹,而在多云的天气时不能形成彩虹。
3. C 提示:细节理解题。根据"When light enters water, it slows and changes its original path. This process makes objects, such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water, seem to bend."可知,当光进入水中时,它的速度会减慢,并且会改变其原本的传播路径。这一过程使得物体,例如放在水杯里的铅笔等看起来好像发生了弯曲;再结合物理知识可知,C项正确。
4. B 提示:细节理解题。根据第六段中"Descartes discovered that to see a rainbow, the viewer must be looking at the light from the right angle."可知,观看者要在正确的角度才能看到彩虹。