《2025年创新设计高中英语必修第一册北师大版》

2. 选出 apply 的汉语意思
A.v.申请
B.v.应用
C.v.涂抹，敷
① They helped to apply some medicine to my arm. C
② As students, we should apply the scientific spirit to our study to improve our learning efficiency. B
③ A large number of people have applied for the job. A

答案： ①C ②B ③A

一、不定式的句法功能
不定式保留了动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语或单独使用。
1. 作主语
[先感知]
①To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.
(译林版选择性必修一 U1)
②It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. (教材典句)
[会发现] 句①为动词不定式作；
句②中 it 作，不定式为真正的主语。句①②中谓语动词为形式。
[明规则] 不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数形式，其位置有以下两种：
(1)不定式置于句首。
(2)用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。特别是不定式短语较长时，这样可以避免句子的“头重脚轻”。
2. 作表语
[先感知]
①Biology is my favourite subject, and my target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. (教材典句)
②For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to criticise other people. (人教版选择性必修三 U1)
[会发现] 句①②中动词不定式在句中作，位于之后。句①表示将来的动作；句②说明主语的内容。
[明规则] 不定式可放在系动词后面作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。
3. 作宾语
[先感知]
①He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way.
(外研版选择性必修三 U5)
②We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
[会发现] 句①②中不定式作。
一般位于不及物动词之后。
[明规则] 下列动词一般用动词不定式作宾语：
decide、determine、learn、want、expect、hope、wish、refuse、manage、care、pretend、offer、promise、choose、plan、agree、ask、beg、help 等。
口诀记忆如下：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
小题集训 1 单句语法填空
①His wish is (be) a doctor in the future.
② was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.
③People want (know) who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.
④The aim of the activity is (promote) people’s awareness of environmental protection.
⑤We tend (do) what we are good at and enjoy.
4. 作定语
[先感知]
①In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.
(人教版必修三 U4)
②That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
(外研版必修二 U3)
③If you have the chance to travel anywhere in the world, where will you go?
(人教版必修一 U2)
④We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
[会发现] 句①中不定式 to get married 与 person 之间是关系；句②中不定式 to play 与 game 之间为关系；句③中不定式 to travel 与 chance 之间是关系。句④中不定式表。
[明规则] 通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
[名师点津] ①不定式作定语时，若句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动意义；若句子的主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动意义。
He has a large family to support.
他有一大家人要养活。
Are you going to the conference to be held next week?
你参加下周举行的会议吗？
②不定式作定语，且与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式须用及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则需要有必要的介词。
I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支钢笔写字。
What she needs most is a room to live in.
她最需要的是一间住房。
5. 作状语
[先感知]
①To achieve all I want, I must use my time well. (教材典句)
②Mr Yang was selected to attend pilot training with 13 other people.
(人教版必修三 U4)
③I have enjoyed my visit to China. I’ll be very sorry to leave.
[会发现] 句①②③中不定式在句中作。
[明规则] 不定式作状语多表示目的、原因、结果等。表原因、结果时一般不置于句首。
[名师点津] 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，有时在不定式前面加上 only。
They arrived at the airport, only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snow-storm.
(译林版必修三 U2)
他们到达机场,却发现航班因暴风雪而取消了。
6. 作补语
[先感知]
①The teacher had us recite the text every day.
②The boss made his men work all the night.
[会发现] 句①中为省略不定式符号 to 的动词不定式作。
[明规则]
(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾语补足语：
·劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend、teach、order、command、ask、tell)；
·允许又警告(allow、permit、warn)；
·使役表意向(cause、let、have、make、lead、set、leave、get、wish、want、expect)；
·知觉动词妙(feel、hear、watch、see、observe、notice、serve、look at、listen to、feel 等)。
(2)不定式作宾语补足语，在部分感官及使役动词后，用不带 to 的不定式作宾补，常见的动词有 let、make、have、see、watch、notice、observe、look at、listen to、feel 等。
[名师点津] 感官动词后面出现了不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号 to；但在变为被动结构时，省略的 to 则必须加上。
She noticed a change come over his face.
她注意到他的脸色变了。
Jim was seen to pass by the window.
吉姆被看见从窗前经过。
小题集训 2 单句语法填空
①John is always the first one (come) up with a good idea.
②After staying in China for 3 years, Mr Green has the ability (speak) Chinese.
③ (finish) the task on time, we work late into the night every day.
④I was surprised (see) that a four-year-old child could sing so well.
⑤Mary hurried to school, only (tell) it was Sunday.

答案： 一、会发现
1．主语 形式主语 单数
2．表语 系动词
3．宾语
小题集训1
①to be ②It ③to know ④to promote ⑤to do
会发现
4．主谓 动宾 同位 将来
5．状语
6．宾语补足语
小题集训2
①to come ②to speak ③To finish ④to see ⑤to be told