《2025年与名师对话高中同步全程导学案高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版》

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A Journey of Discovery
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant ① countries yet little known” [1]. The person who answered the call ② [2] was not the captain's first choice ③. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree. What's more ④, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting ⑤ that he would be “a disgrace ⑥ to yourself and all your family” [3]. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time ⑦.
[1]此处为 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 someone。
[2]此处为 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 person。
[3]此处 predicting...为动词 -ing 短语作定语。
The young man in question ⑧, Charles Darwin, was a geologist ⑨ and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals [4]. He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments [5]. After Darwin had spent some time in South America, his room on the ship was crowded with ⑩ samples ⑪ of the plants and animals he had collected. As he studied these [6], he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist ⑫?
[4]此处为动词 -ed 形式短语作后置定语，修饰 geologist and naturalist。
[5]此处为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰名词 chance。
[6]此处句中 As 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time ⑬, and had not changed since. But Darwin began to think differently. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to ⑭ each other. Maybe animals evolved ⑮ as they adapted to ⑯ their changing environments? It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence ⑰.
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of ⑱ new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most [7]. Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches ⑲ on each of the islands. It seemed their beaks ⑳ had evolved according to what food was available ㉑ on that particular island [8].
[7]此处 it was...that...为强调句，强调主语 the birds。
[8]此处为 what 引导的宾语从句，作介词 to 的宾语。
Darwin suspected ㉒ that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor ㉓, which had arrived on the islands a long time before [9]. Over time ㉔, it had slowly evolved into many new species. And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist [10]: they evolved from earlier ancestors.
[9]此处为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 ancestor。
[10]此处为 how 引导的宾语从句，作介词 to 的宾语。
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution ㉕. Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species. It was not published ㉖ until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Many people refused to believe that living things, including ㉗ humans, had evolved from lower forms of life. They were shocked. But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing ㉘ that more and more people started to believe his theory [11].
[11]此处为 so...that...引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as ㉙ one of the most important works ever written [12]. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. And it all began with ㉚ the journey on the Beagle.
[12]此处为动词 -ed 形式作后置定语，修饰名词 works。
过程清障
① distant adj. 遥远的
② answer the call 响应号召
③ first choice 第一选择
④ what's more 此外，更重要的是
⑤ predict v. 预言
⑥ disgrace n. 丢脸，耻辱
be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
⑦ of all time 有史以来；一直
⑧ in question 讨论中的；考虑中的
⑨ geologist n. 地质学家
⑩ be crowded with 拥塞；挤满；充满
⑪ sample n. 样本
⑫ come to exist 出现；产生
⑬ at the same time 同时
⑭ be similar to 与……相似
⑮ evolve v. 进化
⑯ adapt to 适应/适合……
⑰ evidence n. 证据
⑱ a variety of 种种；各种各样的
⑲ finch n. 雀科鸣禽
⑳ beak n. 鸟嘴，喙
㉑ available adj. 可利用的；可获得的；可找到的；有空暇的
be available for 对于……可用的
㉒ suspect v. 猜想，怀疑，觉得
㉓ ancestor n.（动物的）原种，祖先
㉔ over time 随着时间的推移
㉕ evolution n. 进化（论）
㉖ publish v. 出版；发表
㉗ including prep. 包含；包括
㉘ convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
㉙ be regarded as 被认为是
㉚ begin with 开始于……
参考译文
发现之旅
贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831 年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？
当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。
1835 年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。
达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来，很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛。随着时间推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。
这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中对此进行了解释。这本书直到 1859 年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而，达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。
深度理解
Ⅰ. Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para. 1 A. Developed ideas.
Para. 2 B. Proposed a theory.
Para. 3 C. On his journey.
Para. 4 D. Answered the call of the captain.
Para. 5 E. General ideas.
Para. 6 F. The greatness of On the Origin of Species.
Para. 7 G. Looked for more evidence.
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. What do we know about Charles Darwin from the first paragraph?
A. He was a disgrace to his family.
B. He knew the captain of the Beagle very well.
C. He might benefit a lot from this adventure.
D. He wasn't interested in his lessons at college.
2. What was Charles Darwin interested in?
A. Travelling around the world.
B. Communicating with others.
C. Doing research on resources.
D. Researching on living things on Earth.
3. What kind of person was Darwin according to the text?
A. Humorous and clever.
B. Intelligent and helpful.
C. Ambitious and persistent.
D. Knowledgeable and generous.
4. What did Charles Darwin base his theory on?
A. Experiments.
B. Scientific research.
C. Traditional beliefs.
D. Famous sayings.
5. What does this text mainly tell us about?
A. Why people respect Charles Darwin so much.
B. Why Charles Darwin was interested in living things.
C. How lucky Charles Darwin was in his early years.
D. How Charles Darwin's theory of evolution came out.
Ⅲ. Express the ideas of your own according to the text.
1. Why didn't Darwin publish his theory of evolution until 1859?Perhaps during this period, he was doing further scientific research to find more convincing evidence for his theory and so on.
...
2. What have you learned from Darwin's journey of discovery? How can this spirit help you in your life and studies?His way of exploration is very scientific, strict and realistic. In my future life and studies, I will be strict with everything and think twice. Besides, I will never give up until my question is settled.
...
Ⅳ. Complete the following tasks.
1. Read the text carefully and find out the sentences which include phrases linking the sentences.①What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be“a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.
②Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.
...
2. Read the text carefully and find out the sentence which can be used to introduce a person.The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.
...
3. Read the text carefully and find out the sentence which is used to describe the reaction that something causes.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.
...

答案： Para. 1— D Para. 2—C Para. 3—E Para. 4—G Para. 5—APara. 6— B Para. 7—F
@@1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D
@@1. Perhaps during this period, he was doing further scientific research to find more convincing evidence for his theory and so on.2. His way of exploration is very scientific, strict and realistic. In my future life and studies, I will be strict with everything and think twice. Besides, I will never give up until my question is settled.
@@1. ①What’s more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be“a disgrace to yourself and all your family”.②Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.2. The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.3. It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.