《2025年与名师对话高中同步全程导学案高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版》

4. “介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词只能用 which 或 whom。
Here are the questions, some of which I think are too difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。
Last night I took part in a party and lost my key, without which I can’t open the door of my dormitory.
昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。
[即学即练 3] 选词填空:which/whom
① There stands a building over there, the elevators ofwhichwhich often go out of order.
②John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ofwhomwhom were family members.

答案： ①which ②whom

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的用法比较
1. 形式不同
限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。
Here is the man who was punished by the boss.(限制性定语从句)
这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。
The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than ＄1 billion.(非限制性定语从句)
这个工程历时三年,耗资多达十亿美元。
2. 先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。
This is the best play that I have ever read.(限制性定语从句,先行词是 play)
这是我曾经看过的最好的戏剧。
The play, which I read last night, is very interesting.(非限制性定语从句,先行词为 play)
我昨天晚上看的那部戏剧非常有意思。
The play is very interesting, which makes me very excited.(非限制性定语从句，which 指代前面整句话的内容)
那部戏剧很有意思，这让我很兴奋。
3. 关系词的使用情况不同
(1)that，why 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句,指物时要用 which 代替 that，for which 代替 why。
Most people didn’t agree with him, which disappointed him.
大多数人不赞同他,这使他感到失望。
I have told them the reason, for which I gave up my plan.
我已经告诉了他们我放弃计划的原因。
(2)关系代词替代情况不同
①关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 代替。
This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.(限制性定语从句)
这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。
The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.(非限制性定语从句)
这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。
②在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用 that 引导，但在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词只能用 who(作主语时)或 whom(作宾语时)。
She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher.
她有一个弟弟,他是一名英语老师。
(3)关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。
This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.(限制性定语从句)
这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。
The summer holiday, which we’re looking forward to, is drawing near.(非限制性定语从句)
我们盼望的暑假就要来了。
[即学即练 4] 完成句子
①他很努力，创作了很多曲子，作为一个多产作曲家名副其实。
He works very hard and has created many pieces of music,which lives up to his reputation as a productive composeras which a productive composer is.
②事实证明，任何违背大自然规律的人都将受到大自然的惩罚。
The fact proves that anyonewho goes against the order of naturebreaking the law of naturewill be punished by it.

答案： ①which lives up to his reputation as a productive composer ②who goes against the order of nature