《2025年与名师对话高中同步全程导学案高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版》

[典例感悟]
①By the time he was 14，Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord，piano and violin，as well as for orchestras.
②After they had known each other for many years，Beethoven said，“He is a good composer，but he has taught me nothing.”
③Before they visited India，they had recorded seven albums.
[总结发现]
1.以上例句中都包含了＿ 和＿ 时态。
2.句①、③中，by the time和before引导＿从句，从句用＿ ，主句则用＿。
3.句②中，after引导＿ 从句，主句用＿ ，从句用＿ 。

答案： 1.一般过去时 过去完成时
2.时间状语 一般过去时 过去完成时
3.时间状语 一般过去时 过去完成时

一、过去完成时的意义和构成
1.构成：过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。
2.意义：过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态(亦可以说是“过去的过去”)。
He had already been to Beijing earlier in the week.
本周早些时候他去过北京。
The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war.
这个国家尚未从战争的影响中恢复。
二、过去完成时的基本用法
1.表示在过去某个动作前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。常见的时间状语包括由by，before等构成的短语以及when，by the time等引导的状语从句。
When she heard that her father had died in the accident，she burst out crying.
当她听说她父亲在这次事故中丧生时，她放声大哭起来。
By the end of last year，we had done several experiments on the seed.
到去年年底，我们已经对种子做了一些实验。
2.表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图，常用expect，hope，intend，mean，suppose，think，want等动词。
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.
我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。
I had meant to take a good holiday this year，but I was not able to leave.
我本打算今年好好度假，但是脱不开身。
[即学即练1] 完成句子
①我到学校时，第一部戏剧已经上演近半个小时了。
By the time I got to school，the first play＿.
②今天早上我醒来时，雨已经停了。
＿ when I woke up this morning.
③我本想昨天去看你，但我太忙了。
＿ ，but I was too busy.

答案： [即学即练1] ①had been on for nearly half an hour ②It had stopped raining ③I had expected to see you yesterday