《2025年全品学练考高中英语必修第一册外研版》

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When it's raining very heavily, we say it's “raining cats and dogs”. You might even enjoy taking a break from the heat during the “dog days” of the year. Today, many dog - related idioms are familiar, but have you ever wondered about the stories behind the sayings?
“A dog's breakfast” is an idiom used to describe a total mess. Believe it or not, this one is thought to come from bad cooking. If a dish is cooked so badly that no person would eat it, it would be given to the dog. The saying is now used to describe anything that ends poorly. Interestingly, for unknown reasons “a dog's dinner” came to mean “one who is dressed in an improper way”.
People may say that you are “barking (吠) up the wrong tree” when you are dealing with something in the wrong way. This idiom dates back to (追溯到) the practice of hunting with dogs. The dogs often ran after animals into trees, where their owners could easily find them. If a dog followed the wrong smell, however, they might find themselves barking at a tree that held nothing.
Many people even describe the weather by using the image of dogs. The “dog days” are the hottest days of the year. The saying, however, dates back to the ancient Romans. It was the Romans who first noticed that the hottest days of the summer seemed to coincide (同时发生) with the appearance of Sirius, the so - called “dog star” and a part of the Canis Major (“big dog”) constellation (星座). But even the coldest nights have interesting idioms and the history to go with them. One Australian idiom describes the practice of sleeping alongside a dog for warmth during cold evenings. A very cold night might need more than one dog, so it is a “three - dog night”.
Dog - related idioms are a part of many people's everyday language. Figuring out the stories of idioms can be difficult, but they often have a rich and interesting history behind them.
(B)1. What is the purpose of the idioms in Paragraph 1?
A. To explain the main idea of the text.
B. To bring up the topic of the text.
C. To show interesting research.
D. To add related examples.
(D)2. What does the saying “a dog's breakfast” mean nowadays?
A. A messy kitchen.
B. A dog's dinner.
C. An improper - dressed person.
D. An unsatisfactory ending.
(B)3. What can we say about “three - dog night”?
A. It has a completely different meaning in Roman culture.
B. It can be used to describe extremely cold temperatures.
C. It presents the appearance of Sirius in summer.
D. It shows people's love for dogs.
(C)4. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Offering some hints on learning idioms.
B. Reminding us about the creativity of English.
C. Showing the interesting stories behind dog - related idioms.
D. Sharing the experience on keeping dogs.
语篇分析

词海拾珠
1. idiom n. 习语；成语；惯用语
2. familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见到的→unfamiliaradj. 不熟悉的；不常见的
3. mess n. 混乱；困境；杂乱 v. 弄乱；弄脏→messy adj. 混乱的；凌乱的
4. believe it or not 信不信由你
5. deal with 处理
6. appearance n. 出现；外貌；外观→appearv. 出现，呈现→disappearv. 消失，不见
7. warmth n. 温暖，暖和→warmadj. 暖和的，温暖的
8. figure out 弄清楚，弄明白
举一反三
构词法之否定前缀
否定前缀 un - 表示“不”、“非”、“使丧失”、“未”等；否定前缀 im - /in - /il - /ir - 表示“非，不，无”。
[原句再现] Interestingly, for unknown reasons “a dog's dinner” came to mean “one who is dressed in an improper way”. 有趣的是，不知什么原因，“狗的晚餐”变成了“穿着不得体的人”的意思。
猜测词义
(1) The plant has an unusual shape that attracts many people's attention. (不寻常的)
(2) Talking loudly in the library is an impolite behaviour. (不礼貌的)
(3) Some animals are inactive during the daytime. (不活跃的)
(4) It is illegal to hunt wild animals without permission. (非法的)
(5) The holes in the cloth are irregular in size. (不规则的)
句型透视
[原句] It was the Romans who first noticed that the hottest days of the summer seemed to coincide (同时发生) with the appearance of Sirius, the so - called “dog star” and a part of the Canis Major (“big dog”) constellation (星座).
[分析] 本句是个主从复合句。在句中，“It was... who...”是强调句型，在这里强调的是主语the Romans；that 引导宾语从句，作动词 noticed 的宾语；the so - called “dog star” and a part of the Canis Major (“big dog”) constellation 是 Sirius 的同位语。
[翻译] 是罗马人最先注意到，夏季最热的日子似乎与天狼星(也就是所谓的“犬星”，是大犬座的一部分)的出现时间相吻合。
[仿写] 是我的父母让我明白，只要坚持梦想终会实现这个道理。
It is my parents who/that make me understand that a dream will come true in the end if you stick to it.

答案： 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C
【语篇分析】
1. figuring out
【词海拾珠】
2. unfamiliar 6. appear;disappear 7. warm
【举一反三】
[猜测词义]
(1)不寻常的
(2)不礼貌的
(3)不活跃的
(4)非法的
(5)不规则的
【句型透视】
[分析] 主语the Romans
[仿写] It is my parents who/that make me understand