《2025年高中同步单元滚动强化卷高中英语必修第二册北师大版》

C
Check out our tsunami (海啸) facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.
Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of metres. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way.
Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate (撤离) as possible.
When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast), they slow down but increase in height.
An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries.
In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.
The tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres (131 feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.
The Japanese word “tsunami” literally means “harbour wave”.
Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term has fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.
28. Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon?
A. An earthquake takes place.
B. The water marches towards the coast.
C. The water near the shore is pulled back.
D. The water near the shore is very shallow.
29. In the Tohoku earthquake, over 15,000 people died mainly because of C.
A. the earthquake itself
B. the lack of warning systems
C. the tsunami caused by the earthquake
D. the nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The word “tsunami” is from British English.
B. The term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami”.
C. Some nuclear accidents happened after Indonesia tsunami.
D. More people died in Indonesia tsunami than in Tohoku tsunami.
31. The passage is developed mainly by A.
A. listing some facts
B. making some comparison
C. providing some numbers
D. making some conclusions

答案： 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海啸发生的原因，并通过举例的方法描述了海啸给人类带来的危害。
28.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of metres ... a tsunami is on the way.”可知，“海岸附近的海水退去”这一现象是海啸即将到来的标志。
29.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people”可知，地震引起的海啸是人们死亡的主要原因。
30.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段“In March 2011 ... the death of over 15,000 people.”和倒数第五段“An earthquake in the Indian Ocean ... killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries.”可知，在印度尼西亚海啸中死亡的人比在东日本大海啸中死亡的人多，故D项符合题意。
31.A 推理判断题。根据文章的倒数第四、五段中提到的Indian Ocean off Indonesia和Tohoku earthquake可知，作者主要是通过列举事实展开文章。

D
About 97% of the world’s water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas. But, as we can’t drink sea water, how can it be important?
Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths. Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food. These simple plants called algae (海藻) drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. In fact, the algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe. How important sea water is!
Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain. The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals, which are in turn consumed by larger animals. These food chains are delicately balanced.
The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man. People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didn’t matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food. But we now know this is not true and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop.
Thankfully, the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats. Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans and new techniques are being pioneered to cope with pollution. Finally, the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people. This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future. We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet. How important sea water is!
32. Which of the following is the proper order of the food chain?
A. small animals→algae→microscopic animals→large animals→man
B. algae→microscopic animals→large animals→larger animals→man
C. small animals → algae → large animals → microscopic animals→man
D. microscopic animals→algae→large animals→larger animals→man
33. People used to think that the rubbish thrown into the sea D.
A. wouldn’t harm the fish in the sea
B. would change the balance of the food chain
C. would be broken down in the sea
D. wouldn’t do much harm to the sea
34. From the passage, we can learn that C.
A. most fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seas
B. it is very difficult to break the balance of a food chain
C. excessive fishing has caused the decrease in fish stocks
D. it won’t be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved
35. Which of the following is NOT a way being used to protect oceans?
A. The use of international agreements.
B. Forbidding fishing to protect fish stocks.
C. The use of new techniques.
D. Raising people’s awareness of the need to protect oceans.

答案： 语篇解读：海洋对人类的生存起到至关重要的作用，但是人类在很长一段时间内对海洋造成了污染和破坏，现在各国都在努力采取措施保护海洋。
32.B 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，微生物吃海藻，然后逐次地大一点的动物吃小一点的动物，最后被人吃掉。
33.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，过去人类认为将垃圾倒入大海不会对大海造成破坏。
34.C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，鱼的储存量开始下降，由此推断过度的捕捞造成了这一结果。
35.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段尤其第二句可知，很多国家限制鱼类的捕捞，而不是禁止。