《2025年能力素养与学力提升八年级英语上册译林版》

六、阅读理解。
The Seasons
Many countries have four seasons each year. What causes these seasons? We get our warmth from the sun. The Earth takes one year to go around the sun. It is always tilted to one side. When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part of the world has summer and it is winter in the south. The in-between times are spring and autumn.
In some parts of the world, the weather is always hot, and winter never comes. These are the countries around the equator (赤道). Do you know anything about equator? It is a line drawn around the middle of a globe of the Earth. It is halfway between the two poles.
What Affects Temperature?
Temperatures get colder the higher you go. If you climbed a mountain, you would be much colder than if you were at sea level. For every 1,000 metres we climb, the temperature drops about 6° Celsius.
Even mountains in very hot parts of the world may have snow or ice on them all year round. Tanzania is a country in Africa that lies on the equator. Mt Kilimanjaro is its highest mountain at 5895 metres high and it has some ice on the top right through the year—though not as much as it used to have.
▲ Temperatures
Does the time of day affect the temperature? Yes. In the middle of the day, it is usually warmer because the sun is more directly overhead. In the morning and again in the evening, it is often cooler than in the middle of the day. It is because the sun is lower in the sky and the slanting (斜的) rays have to go through more atmosphere. Atmosphere is important to living things on the earth. Without the atmosphere, it would be burning hot every day and freezing cold every night.
During the day, the atmosphere is like a filter (过滤器). It keeps the hottest rays of the sun from reaching the Earth. At night, the atmosphere is like a blanket. It traps (吸收) the heat radiated from the Earth, preventing it from escaping into space too quickly.
(D)1. Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from?
A. Health.
B. Fashion.
C. Culture.
D. Science.
(C)2. Which word is the most suitable for “ ▲ ”?
A. High
B. Low
C. Daily
D. Different
(C)3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. It doesn't have any ice on the top of mountains in Africa.
B. Countries around the equator only have one season, cold winter.
C. When the South Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part has winter.
D. If the temperature at sea level is 20°C, it is 15°C in a place which is 3,000 metres above.

答案： 1. D 2. C 3. C