《2026年一本密卷高考英语》

D(2025·浙江义乌·高三检测)
Environmental DNA (eDNA) has become a crucial tool in ecological research over recent years. By analyzing water, soil, or other environmental materials for DNA pieces, researchers can tell that thousands of different species have been in an area without having to observe the actual species passing through.
To date, this eDNA process has mostly been employed to detect marine (海洋的) creatures, insects, and other wildlife. However, according to a paper published in *Nature Ecology & Evolution*, this technique could just as easily be applied to spot humans.
An international team of researchers based at the University of Florida, USA, demonstrated that human genomic (基因组的) information can be easily detected in eDNA samples collected from water, sand, and even the air. While this capability could have practical applications, such as aiding in the search for missing persons or monitoring public health, the researchers highlight significant moral concerns. These concerns include the lack of agreement from individuals for their DNA to be collected, potential breaches (侵犯) of privacy, and the risk of genetic information being used for commercial purposes.
This issue is particularly challenging for the field of eDNA, which relies on open and easily accessible data. "It is standard practice in science to make these data publicly available. However, this also means that if human information is not screened out, anyone could access this information," says senior author Professor David Duffy, a wildlife disease genomics researcher at the University of Florida. "This raises issues around permission. Do we need to ask permission to collect these samples? Should we bring in some controls to remove human genetic data?"
"Whenever we make a technological advancement, there are both beneficial and concerning potential uses. This situation is no different," Duffy explains. "We are raising these issues early so that policymakers and society have adequate time to develop suitable guidelines."
12. What is the primary use of eDNA in ecological research?
A. Identifying species present in an area.
B. Monitoring species evolution processes.
C. Improving living conditions for wildlife.
D. Sampling insects directly in their habitats.
13. Why is the accessibility of eDNA data a potential problem?
A. It ignores practical applications of eDNA data.
B. It may lead to unchecked genetic engineering.
C. It could result in misuse of human genetic data.
D. It raises concerns about wildlife disease research.
14. What does Duffy suggest people concerned do?
A. To develop potential applications.
B. To sample genetic information.
C. To highlight advanced technology.
D. To establish appropriate regulations.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. eDNA: A New Frontier in Ecological Monitoring
B. eDNA: Human Detection Meets Privacy Challenges
C. eDNA: A Breakthrough in Marine Research Techniques
D. eDNA: Transforming Our Comprehension of Biodiversity

答案： 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.B