《2026年学易优高考二轮总复习英语》

A
（2025·杭州高三质检）
Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.
The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll（1984）made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well - being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery（奴隶制）worked as a mode of social harmony?
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged（不和的）accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
1. What is Droll's idea about forgiveness?
A. People should offer mercy to others.
B. Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
2. What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate?
A. To forgive is to love.
B. To dominate is to harm.
C. To fight is to grow.
D. To give is to receive.
3. What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness?
A. Favorable.
B. Reserved.
C. Objective.
D. Skeptical.
4. What is the message of the last paragraph?
A. Forgiveness is in our nature.
B. Forgiveness grows with time.
C. It takes practice to forgive.
D. Actuality is based on potentiality.

答案： 1.D 隐含推断题。根据第二段中的“In his opinion，forgivers are...take advantage of them.”可知，Droll认为原谅别人的人在宽恕他人的时候，也在损害自己的幸福，而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们。故选D项。
2.B 隐含推断题。举例是为了说明例子前面的观点或概念。根据第三段中“For example”前的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知，支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推断，作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配他人就是伤害”。故选B项。
3.A 观点态度题。根据第四段中的“one of the outcomes of forgiveness... Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.”和最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...our ability to forgive.”可知，作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨，恢复和谐，打破愤怒的循环，愈合关系，将人们再次联系在一起，且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知，作者对原谅持支持的态度。故选A项。
4.C 隐含推断题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...develops with practice.”可知，我们不一定天生就有原谅的能力，但我们有潜力学习原谅并提升原谅的能力，原谅是随着练习而发展的。由此可知，本段主要说明原谅是可以通过练习提升的。故选C项。