《2025年零失误分层训练高中英语必修第一册外研版》

(2022.新高考全国I)Human speech contains more than2,000different sounds,from the common“m”and“a"to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground−breaking,five−year study shows that diet−related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
　　More than30years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as“f"and“v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.
　　They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lowerr lip to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构),making it easier to produce such sounds.
　　The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
　　
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of“f"　and“v”　increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter−gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around300,000years ago.“The set of speech sounds we usSe has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex intterplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,”said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.
　　1.Which aspect of the human speech sound does
Damian Blasi's research focus on?
　　　
A.Its variety.　　　　　B.Its distribution.
　　　
C.Its quantity.　　　　D.Its developmentt.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce1labiodentals?
　　　
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
　　　
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
　　　
C.　Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
　　　
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
　　3.What is paragraph5mainlly aboutt?
　　　
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
　　　
B.Potential application of the research findings.
　　　
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
　　　
D.A reasonable doubt about the research procesSs.
　　4.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
　　　
A.It is key to effective communication.
　　　
B.It contributes much to culltural diversity.
　　　
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
　　　
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.

答案： 1.D[提示:推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.”可知，由Damian Blasi领导的研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的。由此推断出，Damian Blasi的研究集中在它的发展上，故选D。]
2.C[提示:推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，他们发现古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难发出唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上齿而发出的。后来我们的下颚变成了覆咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音。由此可知，是因为他们的下巴构造不方便，故选C。]
3.A[提示:主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知，新石器时代之后世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现。由此可知，第五段主要是通过列出的数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果，故选A。]
4.C[提示:推理判断题。根据最后一段中Steven Moran所说的话可知，自从人类出现以来我们使用的语音并不一定保持稳定，但我们今天发现的各种语音是生物变化和文化进化等相互作用的复杂的产物。由此可知，这是一个复杂的动态系统，故选C。]