《2025年新坐标名题汇高中英语必修第二册外研版》

D
A nutrient-rich(营养丰富) diet with few added sugars may slow rates of biological aging in women，a new research suggests. Scientists found that middle-aged women who ate more foods packed with vitamins，minerals and antioxidants(抗氧化物) had "younger-looking" cells than those who had less healthy diets. They judged whether a cell was young by looking methyl(甲基) groups，on the surface of DNA.
The pattern of these methyl groups changes as we age，which is believed to increase cellular aging. "Sugars are linked to worsened health and early disease possibly more than any other food factor，" co-author Epel，a professor at the University of California，said in a statement.
Epel and her colleagues analysed food records of 342 women over three days. The team then scored each woman’s diet based on how closely it followed various established diets：While nutrient-rich diets were tied to slowed aging，added sugars seemed to control the effect.
In the study，women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others，even if they ate other healthy diet. "Added sugars" refer to sugars that are added to food during production such as those in sugared drinks and baked goods，as opposed to the naturally occurring sugars found in milk，fruits and vegetables. The new study is one of the first to demonstrate a link between added sugar consumption and cellular aging，the authors said.
The team calculated the participants’ ages by looking at the DNA methylation of cells with samples. These data showed the links between diet and cellular aging，but they were only a tip of the iceberg. In fact，more research is needed to assess how following these diets might affect aging in the long run.
12. What can we learn from the study?
A. A balanced diet is linked to people’s health.
B. A low-sugar healthy diet may delay women’s aging.
C. The sugary food has no effect on the women’s body.
D. The added sugars slow down people’s biological aging.
13. Which of the following food may make cells age faster according to Paragraph 3?
A. Pure milk. B. Chinese cabbage. C. Birthday cakes. D. Fresh watermelons.
14. How did Epel and her colleagues conduct their study?
A. By giving an example. B. By introducing a concept.
C. By making a comparison. D. By raising some questions.
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The study lacks further support.
B. There are data errors in the study.
C. People’s age can be changed by diet.
D. Sugary diet affects health in the long run.

答案： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现减少添加糖的摄入有助于中年女性细胞“保持年轻”，说明低糖健康饮食对女性的影响。
12. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A nutrient-rich（营养丰富）diet with few added sugars may slow rates of biological aging in women, a new research suggests.”可知，研究表明，低糖且健康的饮食可能延缓女性的衰老。故选B。
13. C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the study, women who consumed higher amounts of added sugars showed signs of faster cellular aging compared to others, even if they ate other healthy diet. ‘Added sugars’ refer to sugars that...”可知，添加糖的食物，例如生日蛋糕，会使得细胞衰老更快。故选C。
14. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Epel and her colleagues analysed food records of 342 women over three days. The team then scored each woman’s diet based on how closely it followed various established diets：While nutrient-rich diets were tied to slowed aging, added sugars seemed to control the effect. In the study,...”可知，Epel和同事通过比较不同饮食与细胞老化之间的关系来进行研究。故选C。
15. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“These data showed the links between diet and cellular aging, but they were only a tip of the iceberg. In fact, more research is needed to assess how following these diets might affect aging in the long run.”可知，还需要进行更多的研究，由此推知，该研究缺乏进一步的支持。故选A。