《2025年新坐标名题汇高中英语必修第二册外研版》

C
We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively through direct experience，by testing and proving an idea，or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are too passive at learning，it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
Unfortunately，passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumour(谣言).
Have you ever played the game Rumour? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers(耳语) it，word for word，to another person. That person，in turn，whispers it to still another，and so on，through all the people playing the game. Finally，the last person writes down the message word for word as they hear it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically，the original message changes.
That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then，too，most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story，trying to improve on it and stamping it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.
This process is also found among scholars and authors：A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as fact by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue，unless it happens to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
8. Which of the following belongs to active learning according to the passage?
A. Reading scientific journals.
B. Listening to the teacher in class.
C. Doing a chemical experiment.
D. Watching news programmes on TV.
9. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Classroom. B. Newspapers.
C. Active learning. D. Passive learning.
10. What can we learn from the game Rumour?
A. Playing games can make people more active.
B. People tend to like telling lies when playing games.
C. The message may change when being passed on.
D. People may have problems with their sense of hearing.
11. What can we infer from the text?
A. Scholars and authors can’t be trusted.
B. Passive learning may not be reliable.
C. People like spreading rumours in daily life.
D. Active learning is more important than passive learning.

答案： 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了主动学习和被动学习之间的区别，并用实例说明了被动学习存在的问题。
8. C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We achieve it actively through direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.”可知，主动学习包括亲身实践、测试或者证明一个想法或者推理。由此可推知，做化学实验应该属于主动学习。故选C。
9. D 代词指代题。根据画线词上文的“Conditioned as we are too passive at learning”，并结合句意可推知，画线词“it”指代被动学习，本句意为“我们习惯于被动学习，我们在日常生活中同我们的朋友和同事的沟通都依赖于被动学习，这是不足为奇的事情”。故选D。
10. C 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，Rumour游戏是让玩家之间相互传递信息，将最终的信息与最初的信息进行比较。此游戏结果显示，最初的信息发生了改变。作者通过此例告诉我们：信息在传递过程中可能会发生改变。故选C。
11. B 推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，文章用日常生活中和学术上的两个例子说明了被动学习会改变说话者原本想要表达的意思。由此可推知，文章表达了被动学习可能并不可靠的观点。故选B。