《2025年同步练习册山东人民出版社高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版B专版》

2. decline v. 减少；下降；衰退；谢绝；婉拒 n. 下降，衰落
[教材原文] After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.
特别是山羊被带到岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
[归纳拓展]
(1)decline to do... 谢绝/拒绝做……
decline by... 下降了……
decline to 下降至……
(2)a decline in 在……方面下降
be in decline 处于下降/衰退中
be on the decline 在衰退；在没落中；在削减
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①There has been a steady decline in poverty over recent years.
②The crime rate in this area is on the decline.
③He declined to answer(answer)my questions.
④There was a decline in holiday sales over the past five years.
⑤Prices there are projected to decline by another 30 per cent or so.
(2)写作微练
(读后续写之情绪描写)这使我非常伤心，因为我看到事情在走下坡路。
It makes me very sad, because I see that things are on the decline/in decline.

答案：
(1)①in ②on ③to answer ④in ⑤by
(2)on the decline/in decline

3. “主语＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋不定式”句型
[教材原文] Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆植株是因为它们的性状易于控制。
[归纳拓展]
(1)“主语＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋不定式”是一个常用句型，其用法如下：
①不定式中的动词和句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但在形式上用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。不定式前面有时会通过介词 for 带上其逻辑主语。
②若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上结构或含义所需的介词。
③此结构中的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如 difficult、hard、important、impossible、pleasant、comfortable、dangerous、heavy 等。
(2)该句型可转换为“It＋be＋adj.＋不定式”。
[即学即练]
(1)单句语法填空
①I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so fresh to breathe(breathe).
②To their surprise, they found that the lecture given by the famous professor was easy to understand(understand).
③It was only after he had read the papers that Mr Brown realised the task was extremely difficult to complete(complete).
(2)写作微练
(应用文写作之申请信)尽管解决这个问题很困难，但我没有放弃，因为我坚信“有志者，事竟成”。
①Even though ________, I didn't give it up because I firmly believed that where there is a will, there is a way.
②Even though ________, I didn't give it up because I firmly believed that where there is a will, there is a way.

答案：
(1)①to breathe ②to understand ③to complete
(2)①the problem was difficult to solve ②it was difficult to solve the problem