《2024年试吧大考卷45分钟课时作业与单元测试卷高中英语选择性必修第一册北师大版》

IV.熟词生义
根据英语语境及语意判断黑体词的词性和词义。
1. There has been a decrease in traffic accidents because of increased awareness of rules. ________
2. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. ________
3. When he listened to the foreign songs, he affected an amused interest in them. ________
4. Many firms are battening down the hatches and preparing to ride out the storm. ________
5. The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner. ________

答案： 1. n. 减少，降低
2. adj. 大规模的
3. vt. 假装
4. n.（船甲板或飞机底部装货物的）舱口（batten down the hatches“风暴来临前封住底舱口”，延伸为“做好迎接困难的准备”）
5. vt. 归还/交还（失物、赃款等）

V.完成句子
1. 该条法律明确规定，禁止人们食用保护名单上的所有野生动物。（make＋宾语＋宾补）
________ people are banned from eating all wild animals on the protection list.
2. 我们所选择的出行方式可能会对环境造成很大的影响。（way后接定语从句，effect）
________ the environment.
3. 尽管时间有限，但现在处理这个问题还不算太晚。（although）
It's not too late to deal with the problem now, ________.
4. 因为担心住宅安全，更多的人在家中安装了监视器。（as）
________, more people equip their homes with monitors.
5. 如果一个人想保持健康，他就有必要定期锻炼。（It is＋adj. ＋that...）
________ if he wishes to remain healthy.
6. 如果没有现代科技，中国的“嫦娥五号”探测器就不可能带回从月球采集的样品。（虚拟语气）
Without modern science and technology, China's Chang'e - 5 probe ________ the samples collected from the moon.

答案： 1. 答案与解析：The law makes it clear that 根据提示以及句意可知，此处应用it作形式宾语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语；clear是形容词作宾语补足语。
2. 答案与解析：The way（that/in which）we choose to travel could have a significant effect on 根据句意及提示可知，该句主语是The way，后接that/in which引导的定语从句，关系词也可省略。have a(n)... effect on...“对……有……影响”。
3. 答案与解析：although time is limited although表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。limited“有限的”。
4. 答案与解析：As they are worried about/worry about the safety of their homes 此处As引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。be worried about/worry about...“担心……”。
5. 答案与解析：It is necessary that a person（should）exercise regularly “It is + adj. + that...”是固定句型，其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。由necessary可知，从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“（should +）动词原形”。
6. 答案与解析：couldn't have brought back 根据句意以及Without可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语动词应用“couldn't have done”形式。

VI.课文语法填空
Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species 1. ________ ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there 2. ________（be）five times when life on Earth has almost ended, 3. ________（include）the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”, and the fifth event. The 4. ________（reason）for extinctions are 5. ________（vary）. Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be 6. ________（blame）.
A 2015 study by scientists found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 7. ________（fast）than normal. 8. ________ is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.
If a sixth mass extinction 9. ________（occur）, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out and we would also be at risk of 10. ________（die）out. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and take action to protect it.

[答题区]
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________
4. ________ 5. ________ 6. ________
7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________
10. ________

答案： 1. 答案与解析：that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词species，其前有all修饰，故填that。
2. 答案与解析：have been 考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“In the last 500 million years”和语境可知此处应用现在完成时，又因主语是“five times”，所以谓语动词用复数形式，故填have been。
3. 答案与解析：including 考查介词。分析句子可知此处应用including，补充说明five times。
4. 答案与解析：reasons 考查名词复数。设空处作主语，根据空后的are可知本空用复数形式。
5. 答案与解析：varied/various 考查形容词。空前有are，本空作表语，表示“多种多样的”，故填varied或various。
6. 答案与解析：to blame 考查固定用法。be to blame意为“负有责任”。
7. 答案与解析：faster 考查比较级。空后有“than normal”，因此本空应用比较级。
8. 答案与解析：It 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，that引导主语从句，因此本空是形式主语，故填It。
9. 答案与解析：occurs 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处用一般现在时，且主语是单数名词，因此谓语动词用单数形式。
10. 答案与解析：dying 考查动名词。空前是介词of，因此此处用动名词形式作宾语。