《2025年普通高中学业水平考试合格考英语》

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
　　　阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A
　　　There are three different kinds of friends in our life. I classify (分类) them according to how well I know them and how well they know me.
　　　The first type of friend is just an acquaintance (熟人). This means that you only know their name. You might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation. You don't miss them when they are elsewhere. It is also this type of friend who gives you the most amount of aggravation (恼怒). Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly, you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry, such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly. I call them “pest friends".
　　　The second kind of friend is a “guest friend". They are just social partners. You meet them at a certain location and at the end of the meeting you go your separate way and they go theirs. You don't talk too often with this sort of friend, and you don't share each other's secrets.
　　　Lastly, we have “best friends". This sort of friend is there when you need them. They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens. If you need a listening ear, they will be the one to lend support.
　　　Friends come in all different shapes and sizes. Every friend has an impact on our life.
　1. According to the writer, when a friend of the first type acts in an annoying way, you　　　　　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　　A. can tell him/her about it directly
　　B. should stay away from him/her
　　C. should advise him/her to correct his/her behaviour
　　D. may find it hard to tell him/her not to do so
　2. If someone is with you through thick and thin, it means________.　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　　A. he/she is your friend for sure
　　B. he/she agrees with whatever you say
　　C. you spend most of your time together
D. he/she is with you even when there are difficulties
3. What is this passage mainly about?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. What a true friend is like.　　　　　　　　　　　B. Three kinds of friends in our life.
　C. The role that friends play in our life.　　　　　　D. Why there are different kinds of friends.

答案： 1.D 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly, you would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry, such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly.(因为大多数时候你处于一种你必须表现友好的处境，你通常不会告诉一个熟人他或她正在做一些让你感到愤怒的事情，比如在桌子上敲击手指或大声喊叫。)”可知，在作者看来，当第一种朋友有恼人的行为时，你可能并不好意思直接跟他/她说不要这样做。故选D项。
2.D 推理判断题。第四段主要讲最好的朋友，由第四段中的“This sort of friend is there when you need them. They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. Best friends are the ones that you can lean on and depend on no matter what happens.(这种朋友会在你需要的时候出现。他们了解你是怎样的人，无论遇到什么困难，他们都在那里。最好的朋友是那些无论发生什么事你都可以依靠的人。)”可知，最好的朋友随时都会不顾艰难险阻出现在你的身边，让你可以依靠，因此可推断出有人与你同甘共苦，这就意味着即使有困难，他/她也和你在一起。故选D项。
3.B 主旨大意题。第一段讲“我们的生活中有三种不同的朋友”，第二段讲“第一种朋友是熟人”，第三段讲“第二种朋友是‘客座朋友’”，第四段讲“第三种朋友是‘最好的朋友’”，第五段讲“朋友对我们生活的影响”。通读全文可知，本文主要是讲生活中的三种朋友，B项“我们生活中有三种朋友”符合文意。故选B项。

B
　　The period 713−756 AD was when the Tang Dynasty reached its top. It was also China's golden age of poetry. Then it is no surprise that the period produced China's two greatest poets, Du Fu and Li Bai.
　　Li Bai (701−762) was also called Tai Bai as his poetic name. He is one of the most well−known and admired poets in China.
　　A diligent reader in his youth, he was directed by both Confucianism and Taoism (儒教和道教). He started out at 25 to travel in the country. At the age of 42, a friend suggested him to the court (朝廷). He was greatly pleased at first and eager to serve the emperor like an ancient able politician. But the Emperor Xuanzong only had him as a palace poet to write unimportant poems while the emperor and Yang Yuhuan, his favourite imperial concubine (皇妃), were treating themselves. Unwilling to serve such a meaningless function, Li Bai left the capital in less than two years.
　　Then Li Bai went on with his aimless wandering all over the country. Unfortunately, he was charged of being a member of the rebel and sentenced to exile (流放), though pardoned on the way. He died of illness at Dangtu in today's Anhui.
　　Li Bai is considered as the first romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty (618−907). His political aim was destroyed, so he turned to drinking to hide from his sorrows and writing, which was described as “A hundred poems per glass wine". His poetry is still very popular and recited by Chinese children today. Here are some of his poems in English.
4. Li Bai was fond of________.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. writing poems B. travelling C. drinking D. A, B and C
5. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us________.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. why the Tang Dynasty reached its top B. Li Bai's days in the court
　C. why Li Bai is regarded as a romantic poet D. why Li Bai's poetry is still popular today
6. When he was young, Li Bai liked________.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. reading B. serving the emperor
　C. wandering aimlessly D. drinking
7. The underlined word “rebel" in the fourth paragraph refers to “　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. something about travel B. something against the court
　C. something about poems D. something about drinking

答案： 4.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He is one of the most well-known and admired poets in China.(他是中国最著名、最受敬仰的诗人之一。)”；第三段中的“He started out at 25 to travel in the country.(他25岁开始在国内游历。)”；倒数第二段中的“Then Li Bai went on with his aimless wandering all over the country.(接着，李白又漫无目的地在国内闲游。)”以及最后一段中的“... he turned to drinking to hide from his sorrows and writing, which was described as ‘A hundred poems per glass of wine’.(……于是他转向饮酒避愁、写作，被描述为‘一杯酒后能作一百首诗’。)”可知，李白喜欢作诗、游历和饮酒。故选D项。
5.B 主旨大意题。第三段前部分“At the age of 42, a friend suggested him to the court.(42岁时，一位朋友把他推荐到朝廷。)”写道李白入朝为官。在段落最后“Li Bai left the capital in less than two years(李白不到两年就离开了都城)”写道李白只做了不到两年的官。由此可知，第三段主要写了李白被引荐进了朝廷，刚开始还很满意，后来觉得没被重用，实现不了自己的抱负，不到两年就离开了都城。所以第三段主要讲述了李白入朝为官的经历。故选B项。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“An diligent reader in his youth, he was directed by both Confucianism and Taoism.(他年轻时是一位勤奋的读书爱好者，同时受儒家和道教的熏陶。)”可知，李白年轻时喜欢读书。故选A项。
7.B 词义猜测题。根据所猜词后的“sentenced to exile (被判处流放)”可知，李白被视为乱党，是反抗朝廷的人，因此才被流放。所以此处rebel的意思是“反抗朝廷”。故选B项。

C
　　Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport choice might have great influence on the environment.
　　Some sports are resource−hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses (球场) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
　　There are many environment−friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don't need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
　　Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment−friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms". They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centres. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it's free.
8. Which of the following is the author most probably support?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. Motor racing in the desert.　　　　　　　　　　B. Cycling around a lake.
　C. Playing basketball in a gym.　　　　　　　　　　D. Swimming in a sports centre.
9. What do we know about golf from the passage?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain.
　B. It causes water shortages around the world.
　C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.
　D. It requires a lot to keep its courses working.
10. The author uses power walking as an example mainly because________.　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　　A. it is an outdoor sport B. it improves our health
　C. it uses fewer resources D. it is suggested by experts
11. The author writes the passage to________.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　　A. show us the function of major sports
　B. encourage us to go in for green sports
　C. discuss the major influence of popular sports
　D. introduce different types of environment−friendly sports

答案： 8.B 推理判断题。文章的主旨就是提倡绿色运动，所以作者最支持的运动可能是沿湖骑行。故选B项。
9.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Besides, all sorts of chemical and huge amounts of energy... responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.”可知高尔夫运动耗费的资源很多。故选D项。
10.C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There are many environment-friendly sports... you don't have to worry about resources and your purse.”可知作者用快走做例子主要是因为这是一种耗费资源很少的运动。故选C项。
11.B 写作意图题。本文简述了一些对资源耗费较多的运动如高尔夫，也讲述了一些不怎么耗费资源的运动如power walk，文章的主旨就是提倡绿色运动。故选B项。

D
　　The piping plovers (千鸟) are already one of the most endangered birds in the Great Lakes area of the northern United States. Now, the rising water levels of Lake Michigan further threaten (威胁) the birds and the areas where they live.
　　The waters of Lake Michigan are now only a few metres from the plovers' sandy living area. Their home could be one storm away from being destroyed. Many sandy areas near the water are getting smaller, while others are underwater. The birds are forced to move closer to places with trees and bushes, or even to city areas.
　　Water levels on the Great Lakes are reaching some of their highest points since the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began keeping records 101 years ago. Streets, businesses and houses in the area have flooded, the Associated Press (AP) reports. Vince Cavalieri works with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He told the AP that the high water levels put plovers in more danger than most other bird groups. That is because the areas where they live have been disappearing. He added that some nests on the Canadian side of the Great Lakes also have been swept away.
　　The Great Lakes generally rise with the melting snow and rainstorms of spring, and fall during the drier summer months. However, some scientists believe climate change is causing more changes in water levels. If that is true, the piping plovers could be at greater risk. Their numbers have already dropped because of coastal development. The government lists the birds as threatened in the northern Great Plains and along the Atlantic coast. Rising sea levels there threaten their wintering grounds.
　　Recovery projects are helping, however. In 2015, officials counted 56 pairs of plovers. Vince Cavalieri expects to see more numbers this year. Most of this year's plover eggs will hatch (孵化) by the end of June. If more storms do not wash away nests, a new group of plovers may survive.
12. What do we know about the piping plovers from Paragraph 2?　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. They are forced to live in cities.
　B. They build nests in trees and bushes.
　C. Their living environment is badly polluted.
　D. Their homes could be easily destroyed by storms.
13. What is Vince Cavalieri worried about?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. A lot of houses have been flooded.
　B. Many factories have been swept away.
　C. Plenty of piping plovers may lose their nests.
　D. He cannot provide enough service for people.
14. What does the underlined word “that" in Paragraph 4 refer to?　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. There will be more snow in winter.
　B. More rainstorms will happen in summer.
　C. The government has taken measures to protect birds.
　　D. Water levels may change because of climate change.
15. What is the text mainly about?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　A. Piping plovers' living habits.　　　　　　　　　B. Piping plovers in great danger.
　C. The Great Lakes getting smaller.　　　　　　　D. Climate change causing storms.

答案： 12.D 细节理解题。由第二段中“The waters of Lake Michigan are now only a few metres from the plovers’ sandy living area. Their home could be one storm away from being destroyed. Many sandy areas near the water are getting smaller, while others are underwater.(密歇根湖的水域现在离千鸟的沙质生活区只有几米远。它们的家离被摧毁只有一场暴风雨的距离。许多靠近水面的沙区正在变小，而另一些则被淹没。)”可知，千鸟的沙质生活区在变小，密歇根湖的水域现在离千鸟的栖息地只有几米远，它们的家园很容易被暴风雨摧毁。故选D项。
13.C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“He told the AP that the high water levels put plovers in more danger than most other bird groups. That is because the areas where they live have been disappearing.(他告诉美联社记者，高水位使千鸟比大多数其他鸟类面临更大的危险。那是因为它们居住的地区正在消失。)”可知，Vince Cavalieri认为千鸟比大多数其他鸟类面临更大的危险，是担心高水位会使千鸟失去它们的栖息地。故选C项。
14.D 指代猜测题。由第四段中“However, some scientists believe climate change is causing more changes in water levels. If that is true, the piping plovers could be at greater risk.(然而，一些科学家认为，气候变化正在导致更多的水位变化。如果那是真的，千鸟可能面临更大的风险。)”可知，that指代上文提及的“climate change is causing more changes in water levels”，即由于气候变化，水位可能会发生变化，而水位的变化会让千鸟失去栖息地。故选D项。
15.B 主旨大意题。第一段讲“密歇根湖水位的上升威胁着濒危鸟类——千鸟”，第二段讲“密歇根湖水位的上升让千鸟的栖息地缩小”，第三段讲“五大湖的高水位威胁着鸟类栖息地”，第四段讲“千鸟数量在下降，威胁千鸟生存的其他因素”，最后一段讲“政府采取措施帮助保护千鸟”，可知本文主要讲濒危鸟类千鸟处于危险中。故选B项。