《2025年普通高中学业水平考试合格考英语》

(三)
　　
Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer programme. The computer programme looks for different kinds of answers in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have people's names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer.
　　
Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools
use big data to understand which children may need help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.
　　
Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who was born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.
　　How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programmes used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think in a certain way. Because they think in a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.
1. What can we know from Paragraph 1?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　
A. The computer programme can't look for anything in the data.
　
B. Big data can have different kinds of information from social media sites.
　
C. We are not able to have people's names and addresses in the data.
　
D. Big data can't be used by a computer programme.
2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　
A. Big data can be used for good reasons.
　
B. We can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick.
　
C. We can use big data in a number of ways.
　
D. Big data can be used for both good and bad reasons.
3. What does the passage mainly tell us?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　
A. What big data is and how it is used.
　
B. What schools and hospitals people like.
　
C. Where important data is collected and stored.
　
D. How computers work.
4. The overall tone(总基调) of this reading is________.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　)
　
A. sad and personal B. scientific and informative
　
C. informative but silly D. personal and scientific

答案： 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments.”可知，大数据可以从许多来源获得不同种类的信息。故选B项。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的开头“Big data can be used for good reasons.”以及第三段第四句“Big data can also be used for bad reasons.”可知，这一段中介绍了大数据用于好的一面以及不好的一面，并各自举例说明。故选D项。
3.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Big data is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer programme.”和第二段中“Big data can be used in many ways.”可知，这篇短文给我们讲述了“什么是大数据”以及“大数据的使用”。故选A项。
4.B　推理判断题。短文给我们介绍了什么是大数据以及大数据的使用方式，整篇文章科学、客观，并使用了许多例子进行解释，使读者更容易理解。因此，整篇文章的基调是科学而又增长见识的。故选B项。