《2025年练习部分高中英语必修第一册沪教版》

D Reading
Read the passage and complete the exercises.
Food: the fundamental question
1 NASA is planning a mission to Mars in the 2030s. It will take astronauts six months to reach the Red Planet. They will spend 18 months living there, and then it will take another six months to return home. As well as building a spacecraft for them to travel in and designing some kind of accommodation, scientists have another problem to solve. What are the astronauts going to eat while they are away?
2 In 1961, the first person in space, Yuri Gagarin, ate food stored in toothpaste tubes while he travelled around the Earth. The next astronauts, who were American, had packets of dried food, which they mixed with water to make meals. Today, scientists on the International Space Station take pre-packaged meals with them. The problem with using this type of food on the Mars mission is that the astronauts are going to be away for longer. There won't be enough room on the spacecraft to store food for everybody on the mission, and anyway, the current meals only last for about two years. That is why researchers at NASA's Advanced Food Technology Project are trying to find a solution.
3 Senior research assistant Maya Cooper thinks she might have the answer. She studies how to grow plants without soil. Her plants grow on a shelf in a laboratory, in a special liquid that contains all of the nutrients they need. And they grow surprisingly well. Maya's idea is for the astronauts to have a kind of Martian greenhouse, where they can grow a variety of fruits and vegetables. They could combine these ingredients with others, such as nuts and spices brought from Earth, to prepare their meals. This will help the astronauts to get the amount of protein, carbohydrates and vitamins that they need to stay healthy. They will have to survive on a vegetarian diet while they are away because it isn't possible to preserve meat products for long enough to take them on the trip.
4 Maya also works on menus for the astronauts. With the help of several NASA experts, she has come up with more than a hundred different recipes. These include scrambled eggs (炒蛋) for breakfast, a lunch of soup and tomato salad, and a mushroom dish with spinach bread (菠菜面包), followed by a nice dessert for dinner. There is also some comfort food on the menu, such as pizza, chips and biscuits, so that the astronauts do not miss home too much. It is very important that the Mars mission is a success because the astronauts will do some valuable research while they are away. For example, they will be able to look for other life forms and study the effects of a different atmosphere on the human body. However, none of this will be possible until the food problem is solved.
1 Match summaries A-F to paragraphs 1-4. There are two summaries that you do not need.
A. It is possible to grow fruit and vegetables in space, but astronauts cannot have meat.
B. The astronauts who go to Mars in the 2030s probably will not take any junk food with them because it is important to stay healthy in space.
C. The food that astronauts ate in space in the past is different from the food that they eat today, and it is not suitable for the mission to Mars.
D. While they are in space, astronauts will eat eggs, tomato soup, salad and spinach bread every day.
E. Before NASA can send astronauts on a long journey to Mars, scientists have to make a lot of preparations.
F. NASA scientists think it is a good idea for astronauts to have both healthy food and junk food while they are away.

答案：
(1) E
(2) C
(3) A
(4) F
解析：
段落1主要讲NASA火星任务前需解决包括食物在内的准备工作，对应E（科学家需做很多准备）。
段落2对比过去和现在的太空食物，指出其不适合火星任务，对应C（过去与现在食物不同，不适合火星任务）。
段落3讲在太空种植蔬果但不能带肉类，对应A（可种蔬果，不能吃肉）。
段落4讲菜单包含健康食品和安慰食品（如披萨），对应F（既有健康食品也有垃圾食品）。B、D为多余选项（B与段落4矛盾，D“每天吃”与原文“有多种食谱”不符）。

2 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions.
(1) In total, the Mars mission will last for ________ years.
(2) Yuri Gagarin ate his food from ________.
(3) The astronauts can't take pre-packaged food on the Mars mission because there isn't room and it ________.
(4) Maya Cooper works on a project called ________.

答案：
(1) 2.5/two and a half
解析：由段落1“six months to reach... 18 months living there... another six months to return”可知总时长为6+18+6=30个月=2.5年。
(2) toothpaste tubes
解析：由段落2“Yuri Gagarin, ate food stored in toothpaste tubes”可知。
(3) only lasts for about two years
解析：由段落2“the current meals only last for about two years”可知。
(4) NASA's Advanced Food Technology Project
解析：由段落2“researchers at NASA's Advanced Food Technology Project”及段落3“Senior research assistant Maya Cooper”可知。