20. (18分)计算:
(1)$1+(-2)-|-2-3|-5$; (2)$-2^{2}×7-(-3)×6+5$;
(3)$(-3)^{2}÷\frac{3}{4}×\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)-[1+(-2)^{3}]$;
(4)$-3^{2}-\frac{1}{3}×[(-5)^{2}×\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right)-240÷(-4)×\frac{1}{4}]$;
(5)$-2^{2}-(-2)^{2}×0.25÷\frac{1}{2}$; (6)$-0.5^{2}+\frac{1}{4}-|-3^{2}-9|-\left(-1\frac{1}{2}\right)^{3}×\frac{16}{27}$.
(1)$1+(-2)-|-2-3|-5$; (2)$-2^{2}×7-(-3)×6+5$;
(3)$(-3)^{2}÷\frac{3}{4}×\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)-[1+(-2)^{3}]$;
(4)$-3^{2}-\frac{1}{3}×[(-5)^{2}×\left(-\frac{3}{5}\right)-240÷(-4)×\frac{1}{4}]$;
(5)$-2^{2}-(-2)^{2}×0.25÷\frac{1}{2}$; (6)$-0.5^{2}+\frac{1}{4}-|-3^{2}-9|-\left(-1\frac{1}{2}\right)^{3}×\frac{16}{27}$.
答案:
(1)原式 = 1 - 2 - 5 - 5 = -11. (2)原式 = -28 + 18 + 5 = -5. (3)原式 = 9×$\frac{4}{3}$×(-$\frac{1}{2}$) - (-7) = -6 + 7 = 1. (4)原式 = -9 - $\frac{1}{3}$×(-15 + 15) = -9. (5)原式 = -4 - 4×$\frac{1}{4}$×2 = -4 - 2 = -6. (6)原式 = -$\frac{1}{4}$ + $\frac{1}{4}$ - |-18| - (-$\frac{27}{8}$)×$\frac{16}{27}$ = -18 + 2 = -16.
21. (10分)用简便方法计算:
(1)$\left(-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{12}\right)×(-48)$; (2)$99\frac{31}{36}×(-72)$.
(1)$\left(-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{12}\right)×(-48)$; (2)$99\frac{31}{36}×(-72)$.
答案:
(1)原式 = (-$\frac{1}{6}$)×(-48) + $\frac{3}{4}$×(-48) + (-$\frac{1}{12}$)×(-48) = 8 - 36 + 4 = -24. (2)原式 = (100 - $\frac{5}{36}$)×(-72) = 100×(-72) + (-$\frac{5}{36}$)×(-72) = -7200 + 10 = -7190.
22. (6分)设$[a]$表示不超过a的最大整数,例如,$[3.1]= 3,\left[-3\frac{5}{6}\right]=-4,[4]= 4$.
(1)填空:$\left[2\frac{1}{5}\right]=$
(2)令$\{a\}= a-[a]$,求$\left\{3\frac{4}{5}\right\}-[-2.4]+\left\{-7\frac{4}{5}\right\}$.
(1)填空:$\left[2\frac{1}{5}\right]=$
2
,$[3.6]=$3
;(2)令$\{a\}= a-[a]$,求$\left\{3\frac{4}{5}\right\}-[-2.4]+\left\{-7\frac{4}{5}\right\}$.
解:原式 = 3$\frac{4}{5}$ - [3$\frac{4}{5}$] - (-3) + (-7$\frac{4}{5}$) - [-7$\frac{4}{5}$] = 3$\frac{4}{5}$ - 3 + 3 - 7$\frac{4}{5}$ - (-8) = -4 + 8 = 4.
答案:
(1)2 3 (2)解:原式 = 3$\frac{4}{5}$ - [3$\frac{4}{5}$] - (-3) + (-7$\frac{4}{5}$) - [-7$\frac{4}{5}$] = 3$\frac{4}{5}$ - 3 + 3 - 7$\frac{4}{5}$ - (-8) = -4 + 8 = 4.
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