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山东昌邑一中2004-2005学年度上学期期中考试
高二英语试题
第一卷(三部分，共105分)
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。
1.What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Mother and son. B. Husband and wife. C. Friends.
2. Why won’t the woman eat any more?
A. She’s had enough. B. She’s not feeling well. C. She’s losing weight.
3. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. A famous scientist. B. Their classmates. C. The school’s playground.
4. How much will the man pay?
A.16 dollars. B.30 dollars. C. 32 dollars.
5. Who will leave
A. Susan. B. Mary. C. The man.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。
请听第6段材料，回答第6至8题
6. How many languages has the man learned?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
7. What is the man?
A. A salesman. B. A doctor. C. A journalist.
8. Why does the man give up Chinese halfway?
A. The grammar is to difficult,
B. The Chinese characters are difficult to practise.
C. He doesn’t have enough time.
请听7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. What’s wrong with Richard?
A. He has a toothache. B. He has an earache.
C. He has a temperature.
10. What didn’t the doctor do?
A. She didn’t take Richard’s temperature.
B. She didn’t look at Richard’s throat.
C. She didn’t examine Richard’s eyes.
11. How often should Richard take the medicine?
A. Every three hours. B. Every four hours.
C. Every five hours.
请听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。
12. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the library. B. In a quiet place.
C. In a classroom.
13. Why does Mike often get angry?
A. The man often brings guests over to the house.
B. He wants to live alone. C. He hasn’t enough money.
14. What does the woman suggest?
A. The man should fight with Mike.
B. The man should have a friendly talk with Mike.
C. The man should move out.
请听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. Where are the two speakers?
A. On the way to the railway station.
B. At the railway station. C. On the way home,
16. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Grandfather and granddaughter.
B. Driver and passenger. C. Boss and employee.
17. What will probably happen to the speakers in the end?
A. Get home late. B. Have an accident. C. Miss the train.
请听第10段材料，回答第18至20题
18. What is the speaker talking about?
A. Feelings. B. Sleep and dreams. C. Scientists’ life.
19. What has a strong effect on the moods of people?
A. People’s character.
B. People’s performance.
C. People’s sleep.
20. What can we learn from the text?
A. The less sleep people have, the better they perform.
B. The fewer dream, characters there are, the happier people are.
C. The less sleepy, the more clear thinking.
第二部分：英语知识运用( 共两节,满分45分)
第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. The topic under discussion today is_________ schools will be like in the future.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
22. _________is no possibility _________ our enemy will attack us tonight.
A. There； that B. It；that C. There； whether D. It； whether
23. _________we should use modern technology is an important question.
A. Which B. If C. How D. That
24. Have you heard of the new maglev train, _________ is environmentally friendly, energy-saving, and travels at an amazing speed?
A. that B. what C. why D. which
25. The news_________ he brought us yesterday is not true, but the news_________ our volleyball team has won is true.
A. that；which B. 不填；hat C. 不填；which D. which；不填
26. The writers__________ to
A. inviting B. invited C. to be invited D. to invite
27. Plenty of fresh air_________ good health so we should_________ it.
A. contributes to；make the most of B. contributes；make most of
C. is contributed to；make the most on D. contributed；make the most of
28. To my surprise, I found the old man’s attention always_________ to the past memories instead of current affairs.
A. set aside B. drawn C. setting aside D. drawing
29.Does the way you thought of_________ the water clean make any sense?
A. making B. how to make C. to make D, having made
30. _________ several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.
A. Having failed B. Having been failed
C. Though failed D. Because of failure
31. ―________ you _______ the editor at the airport?
―No, he_______ away before my arrival.
A. Have…met；has driven B. Had…met；was driven
C. Did…meet；had been driven D. Have…met；had driven
32. ― Can you answer my question?
―Sorry, I_________. Would you repeat that question?
A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened
C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
33. Some forty years ago, my uncle went to
A. for tune B. richness C. lucky D. life
34. Since most of these six spoken
languages in the
A. what；them B. it；it C. that；it D. it；them
35. I tried to call on you last weekend, but your dog simply,_________ not let me come through the gate.
A. could B. would C. might D. should
第二节：完形填空 （共20小题：每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36―55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D中，选出最佳选项。
Mr Gray travelled a lot on business: He sold machines of different kinds to farmers.
He had a big car, and usually 36 driving it long distances, but he was quite satisfied to go by 37 sometimes too, especially when the 38 was bad. He was a little afraid of driving in rain or snow, and it was 39 tiring to sit comfortably in a train and looked out of the window without being worried about how 40 was going to get to the next place.
One of Mr Gray’s problems was often 41 to stay when he reached some small place in the country. He did not 42 . great comfort and wonderful food, but he found it annoying( 使恼火) when he was given a cold room, and there was no hot water or food after a long and 43 day.
Late 44 winter evening, Mr Gray arrived at a small railway station. The 45 by train that day had not been at all interesting, and Mr Gray was cold and tired and 46 . He was looking forward to a simple 47 satisfying meal by a brightly burning fire. And then a hot bath and comfortable bed.
48 he was walking to the taxi rank, he said to a local man who was also 49 there. "As this is my first visit to this 50 of the country and I was in too much of a hurry to 51 about hotels before l left home, I would very much like to know 52 you have here. "
The local man answered, "We have 53 . "
"And which would you 54 me to go to ?"Mr Gray asked him.
The local man thought for a while and then answered, "Well, it’s like this: Whichever one you go to, you’ll be 55 you didn’t go to the other. "
36. A. considered B. practised C. imagined D. enjoyed
37. A. train B. car C. himself D. plane
38. A. business B. condition C. road D. weather
39. A. least B. most C. less D. more
40. A. if B. one C. that D. she
41. A. where B. how C. what D. when
42. A. know B. need C. expect D. like
43. A. comfortable B. tiring C. nice D. special
44. A. that B. one C. the D. a
45. A. journey B. experience C. travel D. distance
46. A. unhappy B. sleepy C. angry D. hungry
47. A. but B. and C. or D. however
48. A. Until B. After C. Before D. While
49. A. walking B. looking on C. waiting D. visiting
50. A. town B. station C. land D. part
51. A. talk B. think C. move D. find out
52. A. what B. which one C. how many D. how
53. A. three B. one C. none D. two
54. A. want B. allow C. advise D. expect
55. A. sorry B. satisfied C. amused D. comfortable
第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题：第小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的上个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Our surroundings are being polluted faster than nature and man’s present efforts cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities, and the growing use of man-made materials.
What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man, by his desire(欲望) for a modern way of life. We make" increasing industrialzation" (工业化)our chief aim. So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from tile countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modem society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.
Isn’t it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot (飞行员)who told his passengers over the loudspeaker" I’ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we’re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we’re lost and don’t know where we’re going. "The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when spoken of our modem society.
56. Man cannot prevent the world from being polluted because___________.
A. the population of the world is increasing fast
B people use too many man-made materials
C. we have more and more industry
D. we are producing more cars, trucks and buses
57. People crowd into the cities for___________.
A. they want very much to find well-paid jobs
B. they are anxious to enjoy the achievements of our society
C. they have become tired of their homeland
D. they have a strong wish to become industrial workers
58. The story about the airline pilot tells us that___________.
A. man knows where the society is going
B. people do not welcome the rapid development of modern society
C. man can do little about the problem of pollution
D. the speaker is worried about the future of our society
59. What does tile writer really want to say in this passage?
A. With tile development of technology pollution has become a serious problem.
B. Lower the speed of development to stop pollution.
C. It’s time we did something to reduce pollution.
D. As industry is growing fast, pollution is the natural result.
B
Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour’s flight one of the scientists wrote in his book, "Look here for probable metal. "Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain area, sent a message to other scientists on the ground, "Gold possible, "Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, "This ground should be searched for metals. "From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word:" Uranium
None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic powers of looking down below the earth’s surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals in the ground, using trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and plants are growing. This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.
At Waston Bar Greek, a brook(小溪)six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Colunbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefully marked. In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.
Study of the roots, branches, and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.
60. Scientists were flying over a desert of a hilly wasteland or a mountain area in order to search for_________ in the ground.
A. gold B. silver C. metals D. minerals
61. The study of trees, branches and roots shows that_________.
A. there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the seeds
B. there were smaller amounts of gold in the roots than in the branches
C. there were less amounts of gold in the seeds growing on the ends of branches than seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk
D. there was more gold in the branches than in tile roots
62. Which is the best title suggested below?
A. Scientists Searching for Metals with Special Power
B. New Methods of Searching for Minerals
C. Gold Could Be Found by Trees and Plants
D. A New Method of Searching for Minerals―Using Trees and Plants
63. The scientists were searching for minerals by using_________.
A. X-ray. B. magic power
C. a special instrument D. trained eyes
C
Several days ago, a
Beijing-based IT company fired about 400 people overnight. No one had expected the job cuts, which
broke with traditional ways of letting go of workers in
The book―a bestseller in the US―is being used by men and women to deal with changes in their lives and work. Some large organizations, including Coca-Cola, Kodak and General Motors, ask their employees to read it in order to encourage them to be active towards changes.
Cheese is something related to everyone’s livelihood-Our jobs, the industries we work in, relationships and love as well.
With
"Whatever challenges and changes we meet, we should face up to them bravely," Jiang Hengwei, a civil servant said after reading the book.
Professor Zhang Yang in Renmin University of China agrees. "We should change our way of thinking. The coming competitive foreign companies and products provide us with great chances to learn from them and improve our own products to meet international standards and be more competitive. "
"With hardwork and wisdom, we will create a much larger and better piece of cheese. " Zhang smiled confidently.
64. The whole passage is about_________.
A. a bestseller in the
B. what people think about
C. the change in people’s attitude towards changes and challenges
D. how a book influences the Chinese workers
65. The company in
A. be more competitive with foreign firms
B. find an excuse for their job cuts
C. let the workers make a living on their own
D. encourage the fired workers
66. The word" cheese" in the passage can refer to_________.
A. something we depend on B. a most important kind of food
C. change or challenge D. way of life
67. From what Hengwei and Professor Zhang Yang said, we can know that____________.
A. they have different opinions on changes and challenges
B. people are not afraid of competition from foreign companies
C. the Chinese people are ready to/face any changes and challenges
D. they are both greatly encouraged by the book
D
Many artists late in the last century were in search of a means to express their individuality. Modern dance was one of the ways some of these people sought to free their creative spirit. The beginnings of modem dance were happening before Isadora Duncan, but she was the first person to bring the new dance to general audiences and see it accepted and acclaimed.
Her search for a natural movement form sent her to nature. She believed movement should be as natural as the swaying of the trees and the rolling waves of the sea. Her great contributions are in three areas.
First, she began the expansion
of the kinds of movements that could be used in dance. Before
Her second contribution lies in dance costumes(服装). She discarded corset, ballet shoes, and stiff costumes. These were replaced with flowing clothes, bare feet, and unlimited hair. She believed in the natural body being allowed to move freely, and her dress displayed this ideal.
Her third contribution was in the use of music. In her performances she used the symphonies(交响乐)of great masters, including Beethoven and Wagner, which was not the usual custom.
She was as exciting and eccentric in her personal life as in her dance.
68. The best title for the passage would be"_________".
A. Dance in the Twentieth Century B. Artists of the Last Century
C. Natural Movement in Dance D. A Pioneer in Modern Dance
69. According to the passage, nature
meant_________ to
A. something to conquer B. a model for movement
C. a place to find peace D. a symbol of disorder
70. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses_________.
A. Duncan’s further contribution to modern dance
B. The music customarily used in ballet
C. other aspects of
D. audience acceptance of the new form of dance
第二卷(三部分，共45分)
第四部分：单词拼写(共10小题,每小题1分：满分10分)
根据下列句子及所给汉语注释或首字母提示，在句子右边横线上，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空只写一词)
1. The weather ration f_________ heavy mow for the day alter tomorrow.
2. The physician is so experienced that he knows very well how to d_________ with the illness.
3. ClassⅡc_________ of twenty-five boys and thirty girls.
4. Journey to the West by Wu Cheng ′en has been t_________ into more ‘than 30 languages for the foreigners to read.
5. it is c_________ to live close to your work.
6. I am_________(充满希望的) that the future of the earth will be more beautiful.
7. Because of her mother’s_________(影响),she chose to study medicine at university.
8. _________(受惊吓) by noises in the night, the little girl no longer dared to sleep alone in her room.
9. She had no problems_________(转变)from Chinese Into English, for she was fluent in both languages.
10. The shirt and the new tie are perfectly_________(匹配)
第五部分：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分：满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画―个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有―个错误)，则按下列情况改正:
该行一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出其不意该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词不达意处加一个漏字符号（∧）该行右边横线上写出该加的词
该行缺一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Everyone needs friends, so how to make truly friends is very important to any body. 1. _________
To make friend, you must be friendly to others. A smile is 2. _________
like a magnet that draws people. Smile at others you are always 3. _________
sure to get a smile in return. You should do your best to 4. _________
make a stranger feel at home, no matter when he happen to be. 5. _________
Think as you are in his position and making him feel welcome. You 6. _________
should think less of others than of yourself. And don′t judge a 7. _________
stranger only by his appearance.
Try to remember others’ names, it will make them feel 8. _________
that they have made an impression on you.
If you don’t agree with others on certain matters, don’t argue but discuss with them.
Finally, don’t believe those leave their friends when 9. _________
they are in trouble because of" A friend in need is a friend indeed". 10. _________
第六部分：书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是(中学生英语报)的小记者，请根据以下提示，以A、Fire Accident为题写
―篇100词左右的新闻报导。
提示：
1. 起火时间：
2. 起火地点：红星饭店6楼2号房间。
3. 持续时间：近三个小时才被控制住.
4. 救火人员：30多名消防队员，当地群众积极帮助?
5. 损失与伤亡：死亡8人，受伤多人，经济损失至少40万元。
6. 备注：起火原因不明，正在调查之中(to look into)。
北京市丰台区2003－2004学年度第二学期期末练习
高二英语
第I卷（机读卷 共70分）
一. 听力理解（共15小题，15分）
第一节：听下面七段对话或独白，从每题A、B、C三个选项中，选出能回答问题的最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第1题。
1. Where is the woman going?
A. She is going to the airport.
B. She is going to her daughter’s school.
C. She is going to
听下面一段对话，回答第2题。
2. What can we learn from the dialogue?
A. The woman dialed the wrong number.
B. The man didn’t tell the truth.
C. Pippa wasn’t in at that moment.
听下面一段对话，回答第3题。
3. What does the woman mean?
A. People are not familiar with jazz.
B. She doesn’t like the music the man is playing.
C. She would like the man to play jazz at the end.
听下面一段对话，回答第4题至第6题。
4. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Brother and sister.
B. Mother and son.
C. Classmates.
5. What are they going to do?
A. They are going to have an exam.
B. They are going to travel.
C. They are going to buy a watch.
6. What does the woman think of the man?
A. He is very serious.
B. He is too careless.
C. He is very lazy.
听下面一段对话，回答第7题至第9题。
7. Where did Jim paint the pictures?
A. At home.
B. At school.
C. In the kitchen.
8. What are in the sky in Jim’s picture?
A. Jim’s mother and trees.
B. A plane and a kitchen.
C. A tree and a plane.
9. How does Jim’s mother probably feel about the picture?
A. She can hardly understand it.
B. She thinks the picture is beautiful.
C. She feels very excited at the picture.
听下面一段独白，回答第10题至第12题。
10. Where does the speech probably take place?
A. In a restaurant.
B. In the speaker’s home.
C. In a museum.
11. What did the kitchen in
A. It was in the middle of the house.
B. It was beautiful and modern.
C. It was big with a high ceiling.
12. What is the speech mainly about?
A. The stove in the past.
B. The home in the past.
C. The food in the past.
听下面一段对话，回答第13题至第15题。
13. When will the woman have to check out tomorrow?
A. At 12:00.
B. At 2:00 p.m.
C. At 2:30 p.m.
14. What does the woman want to do?
A. Change a room.
B. Ask the man to drive her to the airport.
C. Stay in the room for a longer time.
15. What does the man suggest the woman should do?
A. Leave some time earlier.
B. Keep her room clean.
C. Drive to the airport by herself.
二. 单项填空（共14小题，14分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
16. Today more and more people begin to realize that good health is good _______.
A. friend B. wealth
C. lesson D. need
17. I am a newcomer. Please _________ me if I do something wrong.
A. forgive B. permit
C. forget D. remind
18. Life is hard for the family because two of them have been __________.
A. out of sight B. out of work
C. out of mind D. out of place
19. Could you please ___________ the radio a bit? I can’t hear what she is saying.
A. turn on B. turn up
C. turn down D. turn off
20. ______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A. As far as B. As soon as
C. If D. Although
21. There is no light in the dormitory. They ________ have gone to the lecture.
A. can B. may
C. must D. will
22. Father bought me a MP3 on my birthday, ________ made me very happy.
A. whose B. which
C. where D. that
23. I will never forget the terrible night _________ the earthquake happened.
A. which B. when
C. who D. where
24. The little girl got frightened when she saw a man ________ with a snake in the park.
A. will play B. plays
C. to play D. playing
25. I got my car _________ at the garage after driving in the storm.
A. to wash B. washed
C. washes D. washing
26. The news _________ the Chinese women’s soccer team will go in for the Athens （雅典）Olympics this August is very encouraging.
A. that B. why
C. whether D. how
27. Only in this way ________ make some improvements in the operating system.
A. are you B. can you
C. you did D. were you
28. Einstein would rather _________ most of his time alone.
A. to spend B. spending
C. spend D. spends
29. －Good morning, Star Hotel.
－Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.
－_________
A. How are you?
B. Not at all.
C. See you later.
D. Just a minute, please.
三. 完形填空（共15小题，15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
Last summer Annabelle Jones
and Claire Hippert, two 17－year－old English
schoolgirls, decided to climb the Matterhorn, the famous snow－covered mountain in Switzerland.
The
The girls first got the 31 for a climbing expedition （探险）a few years ago, when a well－known 32 climber, Norman Croucher, gave a talk at their school. Norman lost both his legs in a train accident when he was nineteen, 33 he has climbed some of the world’s highest mountains on his artificial （人造的）legs. “He 34 us, ”said Claire.
Then the girls met a well－known mountaineer called Turbo Thomas and he became their 35 . For the next two years he took them climbing in the Swiss Alps during the summer holidays and they trained very hard. “It wasn’t easy, ”said Annabelle.
“The 36 was often a problem. Sometimes it was so cold that we didn’t want to get out of bed, but Turbo dragged us to the 37 of the mountain and made us climb. ”
The girls kept going and
finally they were ready to 38 the
Are they 42 ? “Of course not, ”said Annabelle. “I know we didn’t get to the top, but we’ll be 43 next summer to try again! 44 is our life. ”
30. A. popular B. surprising C. frightening D. ordinary
31. A. suggestion B. idea C. advice D. permission
32. A. disabled B. blind C. sick D. weak
33. A. then B. so C. but D. as
34. A. encouraged B. warned C. pleased D. required
35. A. driver B. trainer C. secretary D. reporter
36. A. clothes B. time C. weather D. food
37. A. middle B. part C. top D. foot
38. A. try B. move C. cross D. turn
39. A. decided B. started C. planned D. continued
40. A. worried B. refused C. seized D. beat
41. A. important B. necessary C. impossible D. unlucky
42. A. puzzled B. disappointed C. pleasant D. silent
43. A. over B. out C. back D. up
44. A. Climbing B. Fighting C. Training D. Practising
四. 阅读理解（共13小题，26分）
阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
（A）
“It’s 8:15 on a Sunday morning. ”said the policeman, Johnson, “and this kind of thing seems strange at such a time. Would you please tell me why? ”
The man was very much surprised at the voice from behind. He turned about and said, “I know what you are thinking, sir, but it isn’t true. It’s a mistake. ”
“I think you’ve just left this house in a way different from the usual one. That may be quite all right, but I’d like to make sure. ”Johnson took out a piece of paper and a pen. “Name, work and address, and then please tell me your story. ”
“Charlie Crane, truck driver, from 29 King Street, New Town. My story …”
“Yes. What are you doing on that wall, Mr Crane?”
“Well, my truck broke down yesterday and I had to stay the night here. The owner’s name is Mrs Fern. She gave me breakfast at seven, and I was out of here in the right way and down at the park by half past. When I felt around for a cigarette, I found I left $ 80 under the pillow. I usually keep my money this way, I even do it almost every day. ”
“I see. Why didn’t you miss it when you went to pay Mrs Fern? What’s －her－name? ”
“I paid her last night. You have to pay when you take the room. See? So I came rushing back, but it’s Sunday, and she’d gone back to bed. I rang the bell and knocked on the front door for ten minutes before I came round here. Up I went this pipe and the money was still there. You know what happened later and I hope you believe it because…”
“Mr Crane, what are you doing here? I thought you’d gone an hour ago. ”It was Mrs Fern.
45. Mr Johnson saw a man _________.
A. going to the park
B. bringing a pipe out of a house
C. leaving a house
D. trying to break into a house
46. Mr Johnson asked Mr Crane some questions because ________.
A. he had seen the man doing a strange thing
B. he wanted to know if the man was all right
C. the man had fallen and needed help
D. the man had tried to run away
47. Mr Crane stayed the night at Mrs Fern’s because ________.
A. he was hungry and wanted to get something to eat
B. there was something wrong with his truck
C. he had lost his way in the dark
D. he lived too far away
48. When Mr Crane was at home, _________.
A. he smoked a lot in the morning
B. he took much money with him at night
C. he drove his truck early in the morning
D. he kept his money under his pillow at night
49. Which of the following is right?
A. Mr Grane tried to wake up Mrs Fern, but failed.
B. Mr Johnson took Mr Crane to the police station.
C. Mrs Fern woke up at about nine o’clock to help Mr Crane.
D. Mr Crane was angry when the policeman asked him questions.
（B）
Winter is dangerous because it’s so difficult to know what is going to happen and accidents take place so easily. Fog （雾）can be waiting to meet you over the top of a hill. Ice might be hiding under the melting （融化）snow, waiting ahead to send you off the road. The car coming to you may suddenly slip across the road.
Rule Number One for driving on icy roads is to drive smoothly. Sudden movements can make a car very difficult to control. So every time you either start or stop your car, increase or reduce your speed, you must be as gentle and slow as possible. Suppose you are driving with a full cup of hot coffee on the seat next to you. Drive so that you wouldn’t spill（溅）it.
Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. The more ice there is, the further down the road you have to look. Test how long it takes to gently stop your car. Remember that you may be driving more quickly than you think. Generally, allow twice of your usual stopping distance when the roads is wet, three times this distance on snow, and even more on ice. Try to stay in control of your car at all times and you will not get into trouble.
50. People can ________ after reading this passage.
A. find out about the weather
B. get some information on driving lessons
C. decide which is the best season for travelling
D. learn about better driving
51. In the passage the writer talks about a cup of coffee _________.
A. to show how important smooth movements are
B. to ask the drivers to bring some soft drinks with them
C. to tell the drivers to be more relaxed
D. to show how it can be spilled
52. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Traffic accidents take place easily in winter.
B. Fog and melting snow often cause car accidents.
C. The stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one.
D. In winter you should drive your car with great care.
53. Which traffic sign shows the main idea of the passage?
（C）
The first tape recorder didn’t use tape. It used long thin wire. It was invented in 1900 by Valdermar Poulsen. In 1930, German scientists invented the tape we use today. Back then the tape was on big rolls. In 1964 the Philips company in Holland invented the cassette. It’s pretty much a holder for the tape. People use cassettes all over the world. If you don’t have a cassette recorder, borrow one.
Think of a book your parents read out loud to you. That might be a great book to read out loud to your mom or dad in their car. Put a cassette in the recorder, open the book, hit the record button and start reading out loud.
Remember there is no such a thing as a wrong way to do this. You might think you’ve made a mistake, but this gift is part of you, and nothing about that can be a mistake. It’s impossible.
You get to be all artistic and creative here. You might want to play music in the background. Do whatever you want. The gift is you, so you decide. Remember to say “I love you”at the end of your reading. That’s like the prize at the end of the book.
54. Choose the right order that shows the development of the tape recorder.
a. Using big rolls.
b. Using cassettes.
c. Using thin wire.
A. c, a, b
B. b, c, a
C. a, b, c
D. c, b, a
55. Why does the author mention the history of tape recorders in Paragraph 1?
A. To inform readers of new inventions.
B. To lead into his following suggestion.
C. To give an example of his suggestion.
D. To show the importance of tape recorders.
56. What does the author advise us to do?
A. To read a book to our parents in their car.
B. To make a gift for our parents.
C. To ask our parents to record a book.
D. To practise reading out loud.
57. Why does the author say it is impossible to make a mistake in Paragraph 3?
A. Because it’s impossible to find a mistake in the book.
B. Because it’s easy to use a tape recorder.
C. Because the music is what your parents like.
D. Because the tape shows your true love.
第II卷（非机读卷 共30分）
一. 听力理解
第二节：听下面两段对话，根据题目要求写下关键信息。每题你有2秒钟时间阅读，并准备作答。每段对话你将听两遍。每听完一遍，每题你将有5秒钟时间写下并核实你的记录。书写要字迹清楚、工整。（共5小题，5分）
听下面一段对话，根据题目要求在第1至第2题题号后的横线上写下关键信息。
Personal Health Information Form
Name: John Hill
Nationality: 1__________________
Room number: 2__________________
听下面一段对话，在下侧相应题号后的横线上写下回答第3至第5题的关键信息。
3. What is the man buying? 3_______________________
4. What does it look like? 4______________________
5. How much does he spend? 5___________________
二. 短文填空（共10小题，10分）
阅读下面短文，根据上下文和空白处单词首字母的提示填写单词，使短文内容完整，逻辑清楚合理，语言结构及单词拼写正确。将所缺单词完整地填写在短文下方相应题号后的横线上。
Dear Penny,
I hope you’re all well.
We’re all terribly busy, even Polly, who has finally managed to find some w 1
. Unluckily it’s not a very good job, but at least it’s a job, and
maybe she will find something b
Anyway, that’s all for my news. How are you all? What are you up to?
Do write soon and t 10 me everything!
Love
Jacky
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______
5. _______ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______
9. _______ 10. _______
三. 书面表达（共15分）
本题包含可供选择的（A）和（B）两道题，考生可任选其中一题。根据（A）或（B）所提问题限定的内容写出一篇连贯完整的短文。短文必须包括括号中的全部信息。词数不少于80。
（A）
1. What do more and more Chinese families have today? （a car）
2. Why do they buy a car? （most cars, cheaper and cheaper, afford）
3. Does your family have one now? （no）
4. Will you suggest your parents buy a car?
5. Why or why not? Give your reasons.
（B）
1. Do the students in your school have lessons on Saturdays or Sundays? （yes）
2. How many hours do they have to study at school on Saturday or
Sundays? （from 7:
3. What do some teachers and students think? Why? （do good to students, learn more at school）
4. Do you think the students should have lessons on Saturdays or Sundays?
5. Why do you think so? Give your reasons.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【试题答案】
一. 听力理解（共2节，20小题，20分）
第一节：听下面七段对话或独白，从每题A、B、C三个选项中，选出能回答问题的最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第1题。
W: I’m afraid I have to go now. It’s time I went and picked up my little girl from school. Goodbye, Dr Zhang. I hope you have a good journey back to Guangzhou.
M: Thank you very much. It was nice to meet you.
听下面一段对话，回答第2题。
W: Hello. Can I speak to Pippa, please?
M: There’s no Pippa here. This is 8686087.
W: I’m sorry. I want 8686078.
听下面一段对话，回答第3题。
M: Have you decided what music you’d like us to play at the party?
W: Oh, at the end some songs that everyone’s familiar with, then they can join in. Can you play jazz?
听下面一段对话，回答第4题至第6题。
W: Come on, Peter! It’s nearly seven.
M: I’m almost ready.
W: We’ll be late if you don’t hurry.
M: One minute, please. I’m packing my things.
W: The teachers won’t let us in if we are late.
M: OK. I’m ready.
W: Come on, then.
M: Oh, I’ll have to get my money.
W: You don’t need money when you are having the exam, do you?
M: Of course not. OK. Let’s go … Oh, my God. I’ve forgot my watch.
W: You’ll forget your head if you’re not careful.
M: My mother says that, too.
W: I hope you’ll be more careful in the exam.
听下面一段对话回答第7题至第9题。
W: What are you doing, little Jim?
M: I’m looking at my pictures, Mum. I painted them in class.
W: Show me your pictures, please … Oh, what’s that, Jim?
M: It’s a house.
W: And what are these?
M: These are rooms. This room is the kitchen. That’s my bedroom.
W: What are those green lines?
M: They’re not lines, Mum. They’re trees. These trees are in the blue sky.
W: Is that a plane?
M: It’s not a plane, Mum. It’s you. You’re in the sky, too.
W: Oh, how strange!
听下面一段独白，回答第10题至第12题。
W: Welcome to our exhibition
on “The Home in
History”. Our purpose
is to show that the design of the home tells us something about the society in
the past. There is no better place to start, I think, than in that center of
family life－the kitchen.
If you will, please follow me … The first kitchen in our exhibition is probably a little bigger
than your own. You can see it’s a big room with a high ceiling and large work
tables. There is a huge stove to the left. Food could be cooked for hundreds of
people at one time. It took about 25 people to prepare meal here. And this
particular kitchen dates back to the early
听下面一段对话，回答第13题至第15题。
W: How soon do I have to leave room?
M: Normally it’s by 12 at noon on the day you leave.
W: Well, you see, my plane doesn’t go till after five tomorrow afternoon.
M: I see. Which room is it, madam?
W: Room 577, my name is Browning.
M: Ah yes, Mrs Browning. You may keep your room then till 2 p.m, if you wish.
W: Oh, that’s nice. By the way, how long will it take to get to the airport from here?
M: It’s usually a 90-minute
ride. But you’d better set off at 2:
第二节：请打开第二卷，本卷题目需要在第二卷上作答。
听下面两段对话，根据题目要求写下关键信息。每题你有2秒钟时间阅读，并准备作答。每段对话你将听两遍。每听完一遍，每题你将有5秒钟时间写下来并核实你的记录。书写要字迹清楚、工整。
听下面一段对话，根据题目要求在第1至第2题题号后的横线上写下关键信息。
W: Hello, is that Mr. John Hill?
M: This is Hill speaking. Who’s that?
W: This is the Medical Sevice Center of Shanghai Railway Station. I’m sorry you failed to fill in the Personal Health Information Form completely. Would you mind answering my questions and then I can complete it for you?
M: Of course not. Go ahead.
W: Your nationality, please?
M: American.
W: Where are you staying for the moment?
M: Room 1205, Park Hotel.
W: Have you got a headache?
M: No.
W: Any cough?
M: Yes, but only a little.
听下面一段对话，在下侧相应题号后的横线上写下回答第3至第5题的关键信息。
W: Good morning. Can I help you?
M: Yes, please. I’m looking for a mobile phone, but I have no idea.
W: We’ve got all kinds of mobile phones here. Which do you prefer, Siemens, Nokia or Motorola?
M: How much is a Motorola?
W: What type would you like? The newer, the more expensive.
M: I want one, newer but not too expensive.
W: What about this one? It looks nice and works well.
M: How much is it?
W: 1000 yuan.
M: Any discount? How about 850 yuan?
W: I have to ask for 900 yuan. That’s the best we can do. OK?
M: OK. I’ll take it.
W: Thank you.
答案：
第I卷
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A
6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C
11. C 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A
16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A
21. C 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. B
26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D
30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A
35. B 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B
40. D 41. C 42. B 43. C 44. A
45. C 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. A
50. D 51. A 52. C 53. D 54. A
55. B 56. B 57. D
第II卷（非机读卷 共30分）
一.
1. American
2. 1205
3. （a）（mobile）phone / Phone
4. nice / Nice
5. 900 yuan
二. 1. work 2. better 3. live 4. only 5. after
6. coming 7. day 8. By 9. sorry / sad 10. tell
三 Possible version:
（A）
Today more and more Chinese families have a car because most cars are getting cheaper and cheaper so that more people can afford it. My family doesn’t buy a car now and I don’t think I’ll suggest that my parents buy one some day. I think buses today are convenient and cheap enough to take us everywhere. In addition to many cars will cause more road accidents and traffic jams and the air pollution will more serious, too. So in my mind, it’s a good idea to travel by bus or by bike Sometimes we can go on foot if it’s possible. It’s good for our health. （107w）
（B）
The students in my school
have lessons on Saturdays. They have to go to school at 7:
北京市丰台区2003―2004学年度第二学期期末练习
高一物理
2004.7
一. 单选题（本题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）
1. 下列说法正确的是（ ）
A. 万有引力定律是由开普勒发现的
B. 万有引力定律是由伽利略发现的
C. 万有引力定律是由牛顿发现的
D. 万有引力定律是由胡克发现的
2. 物体做匀速圆周运动的过程中，以下物理量发生变化的是（ ）
A. 线速度 B. 角速度
C. 周期 D. 频率
3. 下列说法正确的是（ ）
A. 第一宇宙速度是人造卫星环绕地球运动的速度
B. 第一宇宙速度是人造卫星在地面附近绕地球做匀速圆周运动所必须具有的速度
C. 如果需要，地球同步通讯卫星可以定点在地球上空的任何一点
D. 地球同步通讯卫星的轨道可以是圆的也可以是椭圆的
4. 关于匀速圆周运动的向心加速度，下列说法正确的是（ ）
A. 由于
，所以线速度大的物体的向心加速度大
B. 由于，所以旋转半径大的物体的向心加速度小
C. 由于
，所以角速度大的物体的向心加速度大
D. 以上结论都不正确
5. 关于平抛运动，下列说法正确的是（ ）
A. 平抛运动是匀速运动
B. 平抛运动是非匀变速运动
C. 平抛运动是匀变速曲线运动
D. 平抛运动的物体落地时的速度一定是竖直向下的
6. 某人把一个物体沿竖直方向匀速提升了一段距离，下面有关人的拉力对物体做功、重力对物体做功以及物体动能变化的说法中正确的是（ ）
A. 重力做正功，拉力做负功，物体动能增大
B. 重力做负功，拉力做正功，物体动能增大
C. 重力做负功，拉力做正功，物体动能不变
D. 重力不做功，拉力做负功，物体动能不变
7. 汽车发动机的额定功率为80kW，它以额定功率在平直公路上行驶的最大速度为
A. 8000N B. 4000N
C. 2000N D. 1600N
8. 人在距地面h高处抛出一个质量为m的小球，落地时小球的速度为v，不计空气阻力，人对小球做功是（ ）
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
9. 如图所示，用长为L的绳子一端系着一个质量为m的小球，小球可视为质点，另一端固定在O点，用手拉小球到A点，此时绳偏离竖直方向θ角，若不计空气阻力，则当放开手后，小球经过最低点时的速度大小为（ ）
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
10. 一圆盘可绕圆盘中心O且垂直于盘面的竖直轴转动。在圆盘上放置一小木块A，A随圆盘一起做匀速圆周运动，如图所示。关于木块A的受力情况，下列说法正确的是（ ）
A. A受重力、支持力和静摩擦力，静摩擦力的方向与运动方向相同
B. A受重力、支持力和静摩擦力，静摩擦力的方向与运动方向相反
C. A受重力、支持力和静摩擦力，静摩擦力的方向指向圆心
D. A受重力、支持力和向心力
二. 多选题（本题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分；全选对的得3分，部分选对的得2分，不选或有选错的得0分）
11. 在匀速运动的火车上有一个苹果从高处自由落下，忽略空气阻力，关于苹果下落的运动，以下说法正确的是（ ）
A. 在火车上看，苹果做自由落体运动
B. 在火车上看，苹果在下落的同时向车后运动
C. 在地面上看，苹果做自由落体运动
D. 在地面上看，苹果做平抛运动
12. 关于曲线运动的条件，以下说法正确的是（ ）
A. 物体受变力作用才可能做曲线运动
B. 物体受恒力作用也可能做曲线运动
C. 物体只要受到合外力作用就一定做曲线运动
D. 物体所受合外力为零，不可能做曲线运动
13. 在下列几种运动中，遵守机械能守恒定律的运动是（ ）
A. 自由落体运动
B. 雨点匀速下落
C. 物体沿光滑斜面下滑
D. 汽车刹车的运动
14. 一条河宽
A. 该船一定不能垂直河岸渡到对岸
B. 当船头垂直河岸横渡时过河所用时间最短
C. 船横渡到对岸时，船对岸的最小位移为
D. 该船渡河的速度最小是
三. 填空题（每小题4分，共20分）
15. 一高度为h的光滑弧形轨道固定在水平面上，如图所示。质量为m的物体A从轨道顶端由静止开始下滑到底面时速度的大小为_____________________，此过程中重力对物体A做功为_____________________。（空气阻力不计）
16. 如图所示，质量为m的物体在斜向上的恒定的拉力F的作用下，在粗糙水平面上向右做匀加速直线运动，位移为s，物体与水平面间的动摩擦因数为
，力F与水平面的夹角为
。在这个过程中，力F对物体做的功为______________________，摩擦力对物体做的功为________________________。
17. 在一次“飞车过黄河”的表演中，汽车飞经最高点后在对岸落地。已知汽车从最高点至落地点经历时间约0.8s，两点间水平距离约为
，则汽车在最高点时的速度约为_____________________________m/s，下落高度约为________________m。
18. 一人坐在雪撬上，从静止开始沿着高度为）
19. 皮带轮的结构如图所示，已知两轮的半径之比为2：1，那么两轮边缘上A、B两点的线速度之比为____________________，角速度之比为___________________。
四. 实验题（每空3分，共9分）
20. 在做“研究平抛物体的运动”的实验时，让小球多次沿同一轨道运动，通过描点法画小球做平抛运动的轨迹。为了能较准确地描绘小球的运动轨迹，下面列出了一些操作要求，将你认为正确的选项前面的字母填在横线上：_______________________。
A. 通过调节使斜槽的末端保持水平
B. 每次释放小球的位置必须不同
C. 每次必须由静止释放小球
D. 小球运动时不应与木板上的白纸（或方格纸）相接触
E. 将小球的位置记录在纸上后，取下纸，利用直尺将各点连成折线
21. 如图所示，在“验证机械能守恒定律”的实验中，已知打点计时器所用电源的频率为50Hz，查得当地的重力加速度
，测得所用的重物的质量为
，实验中得到一条点迹清晰的纸带，把第一个点记作O，另选连续的3个点A、B、C作为测量点。经测量知道A、B、C各点到点O的距离分别为
五. 计算题（共29分）。
解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤，只写出最后答案的不能得分，有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
22. （9分）如图所示，在光滑的水平面上，质量m=
（1）力F在3s内对物体所做的功；
（2）力F在3s内对物体做功的平均功率；
（3）在3s末，力F对物体做功的瞬时功率。
23. （8分）放在光滑水平桌面上的物体（可视为质点），质量为m=。求：
（1）物体在桌面上运动的距离s；
（2）物体落地点距桌边的水平距离x。
24. （6分）质量是
25. （6分）祥舟五号载人飞船在绕地球飞行的第5圈进行变轨，由原来的椭圆轨道变为距地面高度h=
，地面处的重力加速度。试导出飞船在上述圆轨道上运行的周期T的公式（用h、R、g表示），然后计算周期的数值（保留两位有效数字）。
【试题答案】
一. 单选题（30分）：每题3分。
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. C
二. 多选题（12分）：
每题3分，全选对的得3分，部分选对的得2分，不选或有选错的得0分。
11. AD 12. BD 13. AC 14. AB
三. 填空题（20分）：每空2分。
15. 
；
16. 
17. 
18. 9000；6000
19. 1：1；1：2
四. 实验题（9分）：每空3分。
20. ACD
21. 1.88；1.84
五. 计算题（29分）：
22. （9分）
解：物体的加速度
1分
物体在3s内位移
1分
物体在3s末速度
1分
（1）力F在3s内对物体所做的功为
2分
（2）力F在3s内对物体做功的平均功率为
2分
（3）在3s末，力F对物体做功的瞬时功率为
2分
23. （8分）解：
（1）在光滑水平桌面上，根据牛顿第二定律：
1分
2分
1分
（2）离开桌面后，物体做平抛运动，
竖直方向上：
2分
水平方向上：
2分
24. （6分）
解：设平均阻力为F，根据动能定理
25. （6分）
解：设地球质量为M，飞船质量为m，速度为v，圆轨道的半径为r，由万有引力和牛顿第二定律，有
代入数值，得
1分
第一单元 地球在宇宙中
[知识要点]
一.地球的宇宙环境
1、天体：宇宙间物质的存在形式，统称为天体。按照其物质组成、质量大小、运动规律，可分为恒星、星云、行星、卫星、彗星、流星体等主要的类型。最基本的天体类型是恒星和星云，它们的区别如下：
恒星
由炙热的形体组成，有很大的质量，自身能发光的球状天体；所有的恒星都在在不停地运动和变化，因距离我们十分遥远，其相对位置似乎是固定不变的；太阳是距地球最近的恒星。
星云
由气体和尘埃物质组成的，呈云雾状外表的天体；同恒星相比，星云具有质量大、体积大、密度小的特点，主要成分是氢。
2、天球：以观测者为球心，半径无穷大的假想圆球。人们在说明天体的位置和运动的时候，把天体在天球上的投影看成是它们本身。
3、星座；为了便于认识恒星，把天球分成若干区域，这些区域称为星座，全天共分为88个星座。在北天极的周围有大熊、小熊和仙后三个星座，北半球中高纬度终年可见。北半球中纬度9月初21时左右，天顶附近可见天琴、天鹅、天鹰等星座。
4、天体系统：宇宙间的天体都在运动着，运动着的天体因互相吸引互相绕转，形成不同级别的系统。（如下图所示）
5、太阳概况（和地球对比）
日地平均距离
主要成分
半径
质量
体积
密度
重力加速度
1.5亿千米(光行8分钟)
氢和氦
地球半径的109倍(70万千米)
地球质量的33万多倍
地球体积的130万倍
地球密度的1/4
地球的28倍
6、太阳的外部物质构造:太阳的外部是大气层,从里到外,分为光球、色球和日冕三层。太阳大气层的一切活动，总称为太阳活动。黑子和耀斑是太阳活动的主要标志，周期都是11年。
太阳活动的标志
发生的层次
太阳活动对地球的影响
黑子
光球
（1）黑子、耀斑增多时，发出的强烈射电会干扰地球上的无线电通讯。
（2）太阳大气抛出的带电粒子流（“太阳风”)会干扰地球上的磁场，产生“磁暴”；带电粒子流高速冲进两极高空大气层，同稀薄大气相撞形成极光）
耀斑、日珥
色球
“太阳风”
日冕
7、太阳能量的来源：太阳中心在高温高压下，发生核聚变反应，即四个氢原子核聚变为一个氦原子核。在核聚变过程中，太阳要损耗一些质量而放出大量的能。
8、太阳系：由太阳、行星及其卫星、小行星、彗星、流星体和行星际物质构成的天体系统。太阳是太阳系的中心天体；太阳系中，其他的天体都在太阳引力作用下绕太阳公转（如下图所示）。
9、九大行星的运动具有共面性、同向性和近圆性三大特征。
10、九大行星按其结构特征可分为类地行星、巨行星、远日行星三大类。
11、地球上具有生命的条件：
（1）适当的日地距离和长短适宜的自转周期，使地球有适当的温度和液态水，有利于生命物质的存在；
（2）地球具有适当的体积和质量，其引力可以吸住大气层中的各种气体，并在漫长的演化过程中形成了适合生物呼吸所需的大气。
二、地球和地球的运动
1、地球的形状和大小
形 状
表示地球大小的几个数据
地球是一个两极稍扁、赤道略鼓的不规则的椭球体
极半径
6356.8 千米
赤道半径
6378.1千米
平均半径
6371千米
赤道周长
约4万千米
表面积
约5.1亿平方千米
2、经纬网：经线和纬线相互交织，构成经纬网。人们可以利用经纬网确定地球表面任意一点的位置和方向，量算两点间的距离。
（1）经线和经度
（2）纬线和纬度
经线的特点
几条重要的经线
①经线指示南北方向
②所有的经线长度都相等
③两条正相对的经线构成一个经线圈，任何一个经线圈都能把地球平分为两半球。
①0°经线（本初子午线），它是东经和西经的分界线。
②西经20°和东经160°经线，是东西半球的分界线。
③180°经线，是国际日期变更线
纬线的特点
几条重要的纬线
①纬线指示南北方向
②每条纬线都自成圆圈
③赤道是最大的纬线圈，从赤道向两极纬线线圈越来越来小，到了两极就缩小成一点。
①0°纬线（赤道），是南北半球的分界线。
②南北回归线（23°26'），是太阳直射的最南、最北界线；是热带和温带的分界线。
③南、北极圈（66°34'）是有无极昼和极夜的分界线；是寒带和温带的分界线。
3、地球的运动
（1）自转、公转概况对比
运动形式
自转
公转
方向
自西向东（从北极上空看呈逆时针方向旋转，从南极上空看呈顺时针方向旋转）
和自转方向一致，都是自西向东
周期
①恒星日：地球自转的真正周期，自转了360°，需时为23时56分4秒。
②太阳日：人们平常所说的“一天”，自转了360°59′，需时为24小时。
公转一周的时间为一年，天文上通常所说的年是365日5时48分46秒，这是一个回归年。
速度
①角速度：大约每小时15°，每4分钟1°，除两极无角速度外，各地相同。
②线速度：因纬度而异，赤道最大，向两极逐渐减小，南北纬60°处大致相当于赤道的一半，极点无线速度。
①角速度：每日向东推进1°
②线速度：平均每秒约30千米，近日点较快，远日点教慢。
地理意义
①产生了昼夜更替现象
②产生了地方时的差异
③水平运动的物体，运动方向产生偏向，北半球向右偏，南半球向左偏
④影响地球的形状，使其成为略扁的旋转椭球体。
①正午太阳高度的变化
②昼夜长短的变化
③四季的更替
④五带的形式
（2）地方时；由于地球不停地自转，使经度不同的各地时刻早晚不同，东边地点的时刻要比西边地点的时刻早，这种因经度不同的时刻称为地方时。经度每隔15°，地方时相差1小时，经度每隔1°，地方时相差4分钟。
（3）时区和日界线：时区的划分是为了统一时间的标准，根据地球每小时自西向东转过经度15°，而将全球划分成24个时区。日界线是为了避免日期紊乱，经国际规定将180°经线作为国际日期变更线。每个时区都以中央经线的地方时统一本时区标准，由于相邻的区时相差1小时。日界线两侧是日期的变更，东、西十二区钟点相同，但日期相差一天。
（4）公转轨道：地球绕太阳运动所经过的路线，称为公转轨道，也叫黄道。它是近似圆的椭圆形，太阳位于椭圆的一个焦点上。每年一月初地球运行到离太阳最近的位置，称为近日点；每年7月初地球运行到离太阳最远的位置，称为远日点。
（5）黄赤交角；地球公转与自转是同时进行的，即边自转边公转。公转时有两个特点：（1）地轴和公转轨道面的夹角保持66°34′的夹角不变。（2）地轴的倾斜方向始终不变，北极总是指向北极星附近。由于有以上两个特点，所以公转轨道面与地球赤道平面之间就存在着一个夹角，即黄赤交角。现在的黄赤交角是23°26′（如下图所示）。
（6）四季更替：四季是指地球上春夏秋冬的循环周期。从天文含义看四季，夏季就是一年内白昼最长，太阳最高的季节；冬季就是一年内白昼最短太阳最低的季节；春秋二季就是冬夏两季的过渡。在气候统计工作中，一般把3-5月划分为春季（北半球，下同），6-8月划分为夏季，9-11月划分为秋季，12-2月划分为冬季。南北半球季节相反。
（7）五带的划分；人们根据各地获得太阳热量的多少以及阳光照射的情况，把地球划分为热带、南温带、北温带、南寒带、北寒带（如下表，下图所示）。
热带
南、北温带
南、北寒带
范围
南、北回归线之间
南回归线和南极圈之间；北回归线和北极圈之间
南极圈到南极；北极圈到北极。
阳光照射情况
一年中太阳光可直射二次（回归线上一次）
既不会受到太阳直射，也没有极昼极夜现象。
阳光斜射厉害，并有极昼极夜现象
获得太阳光热情况
最多
比热带少，比寒带多
最少
[复习指导]
本章知识可概括为两大部分：第一部分是地球的宇宙环境，第二部分是地球的运动规律及其地理意义。复习时应紧紧把握住这两个方面。
