《2025年学霸提优大试卷八年级英语上册译林版》

For millions of years, animals have communicated(交流) in different ways. Humans, on the other hand, have the ability to communicate 1using(use) language. However, scientists do not agree on 2whenhuman language first appeared. The estimates start from a hundred thousand to millions of years ago. Though the beginning time is unclear, human language has surely 3grown(grow) fast in the past century. It has three different types: natural, artificial and formal(正式的) languages.
Natural languages are languages that humans have developed easily out of the need. Natural languages are the languages people speak, read, write, and listen to every day, such as 4English(England), German and Russian. In short, natural languages "just happen".
Artificial languages, or unnatural languages, 5are made(make) by humans who already use a natural language to communicate. The words and grammar of artificial languages do not develop 6naturally(nature). There are a number of 7reasons(reason) for making an artificial language.
Formal languages are languages that communicate something, but they are not spoken languages 8likenatural and artificial languages. Formal languages are meant to be very exact. 9Anexample of a usual formal language is computer code(代码). It has its own set of very strict and detailed rules and 10works(work) only to "speak" to a computer. People cannot use it to communicate with each other.
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答案： 1. using 2. when 3. grown 4. English 5. are made 6. naturally 7. reasons 8. like 9. An 10. works