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数学高考基础知识、常见结论详解
一、集合与简易逻辑：
一、理解集合中的有关概念
（1）集合中元素的特征： 确定性 ， 互异性 ， 无序性 。
集合元素的互异性：如：，，A=B求；
（2）集合与元素的关系用符号，表示。
（3）常用数集的符号表示：自然数集 ；正整数集 、 ；整数集 ；有理数集 、实数集 。
（4）集合的表示法： 列举法 ， 描述法 ， 韦恩图 。
注意：区分集合中元素的形式：如：；；；；；
；
（5）空集是指不含任何元素的集合。（、和的区别；0与三者间的关系）
空集是任何集合的子集，是任何非空集合的真子集。
注意：条件为，在讨论的时候不要遗忘了的情况。
如：，如果，求的取值。
二、集合间的关系及其运算
（1）符号“”是表示元素与集合之间关系的，立体几何中的体现 点与直线（面）的关系 ；
符号“”是表示集合与集合之间关系的，立体几何中的体现 面与直线(面)的关系 。
（2）；；
（3）对于任意集合，则：
①；；；
② ； ；
； ；
③ ； ；
（4）①若为偶数，则 ；若为奇数，则 ；
②若被3除余0，则 ；若被3除余1，则 ；若被3除余2，则 ；
三、集合中元素的个数的计算：
（1）若集合中有个元素，则集合的所有不同的子集个数为_________，所有真子集的个数是__________，所有非空真子集的个数是 。
（2）中元素的个数的计算公式为： ；
（3）韦恩图的运用：
四、满足条件，满足条件，
若 ；则是的充分非必要条件；
若 ；则是的必要非充分条件；
若 ；则是的充要条件；
若 ；则是的既非充分又非必要条件；
五、原命题与逆否命题，否命题与逆命题具有相同的 ；
注意：“若，则”在解题中的运用，
如：“”是“”的_______ 条件。
六、反证法：当证明“若，则”感到困难时，改证它的等价命题“若则”成立，
步骤：1、假设结论反面成立；2、从这个假设出发，推理论证，得出矛盾；3、由矛盾判断假设不成立，从而肯定结论正确。
矛盾的来源：1、与原命题的条件矛盾；2、导出与假设相矛盾的命题；3、导出一个恒假命题。
适用与待证命题的结论涉及“不可能”、“不是”、“至少”、“至多”、“唯一”等字眼时。
正面词语
等于
大于
小于
是
都是
至多有一个
否定
正面词语
至少有一个
任意的
所有的
至多有n个
任意两个
否定
Teaching objectives
1. to talk about the schoolwork and after-class activities
2. to use adverbs of frequency
3. to ask for information
4. to express opinions
Schoolwork
Internet
Words and expressions:
chat with sb. .get along (with) have access to
download sometimes never
ago once / twice a week / a month
more and more search…for top
Sentence patterns:
How are you getting along…? ( Pretty well, thanks.)
How often do you …? ( About once a month./ Not very often.)
I’m sorry to hear that.
Chat with…on the Net
Did you log on?
Do you have time for fun?
I take part in hobby group activities.
Lucky you. I have very little time for fun.
Structures:
Adverbs of frequency:
1. often, always, usually, sometimes, never
2. once a week, twice a month, three times a yeay
3. every two weeks / months / years
1. to do tuning in and to learn new words and text
2. to learn notes to the text and discovering language
3. to do developing skills―listening and speaking
4. to do developing skills―reading and writing
5. to go over the text, do some dictations and to check exercises
I. Look at the picture and guess what the boys are doing now.
II.Questions:
1. Have you got any computers at home / in your school?
2. What do you do on the computer?
3. How long do you do the things above?
III.Look at the pictures about the text and then answer the following questions.
1. What is the girl doing now?
2. Where is she?
3. Where is the boy doing now?
4. Are they chatting each other on the Net?
1. Review the phonetic symbols. Show them the cards with the phonetic symbols of the new words they are going to learn.
2. Read after the tape.
3. Read by the students themselves. (T: Correct the pronunciation.)
4. Ask one student to read the words and the others should follow him or her.
5. Give the students a few minutes to remember the Chinese meaning of the words.
(T: Say English S: Say Chinese)
6. Read by the students themselves again.
I.. Listen to the tape of the text.(two times) and complete the tasks.
Task 1: Answer the questions:
A.What are the boy and girl doing?
B.What is the nationality of the girl?
C.Is she Lijie’s friend or classmate?
D.What are they talking about?
E.How often does the boy do projects?
F.What does he do for fun?
G.Does the girl have little time or much time for fun?
Task 2: Work Book P26 Comprehension check on the text
II. Listen to the tape and read after the tape. (Books open)
III.Read the text by the students themselves.
IV.Role-play the text.
Written work:
1. Copy the new words of Part 1 and text.
2. Do comprehension check on SB.
Oral work:
1. Read and recite new words.
2. Read the text fluently.
Warming-up
Role-play the text.
Revision
Spell the new words and expressions on the blackboard. (2 students)
Language focus
Key expressions:
1. chat with sb…与某人聊天/闲谈
Who did you chat with on the Internet? 你和谁在网上聊天？
David and Jane chatted on the Internet about their school life. 戴维在网上与简聊学校生活的情况。
2. have access to 有接近（进入或使用）……的机会（权利）
Do you have access to the Internet? 你能使用国际互联网了吗？
Students have access to the library after school. 学生们放学后可在图书馆借阅图书。
Children have access to the books. 孩子们可以使用这些书籍。
You can have access to the information on the hot line. 你可以使用热线上的资料。
3. download vt. 下载
You can download some information about your hobbies. 你可以下载有关你业余爱好的资料。
I downloaded some interesting stories from the Internet. 我从国际互联网上下载了一些有趣的故事。
4. sometimes ad. 有时，间或
I sometimes send e-mails to my friends at weekends. 有时候我在周末给我的朋友们发电子邮件。
Sometimes I chat with my Net-pals about football. 我有时候与网友侃足球。
5. never ad. 从未；永不；决不
I never play computer games. 我从来不玩电脑游戏。
I was never late for school. 我上学从未迟到过。
I never tell lies. 我从不说谎。
6. ago ad. 以前，以往
Linda called you 10 minutes ago. 琳达十分钟前给你来过电话。
We
visited the
7. once / twice a week / month 每星期/月一次/两次
We have computer lessons once a week. 我们每周上一次电脑课。
We have hobby group activities twice a week. 我们每星期有两次兴趣小组活动。
We go to the cinema once a month. 我们每月看一次电影。
8. get along (with)…
How are you getting along at school?
9. How often do you…?
A:How often do you do projects? 你多久做一次课题？
B:About once a month. 大约每月一次。
A:How often do you surf the Internet? 你多久上网（浏览国际互联网）一次？
B:Every day. 我每天都上网。
A:How often do you send e-mails to your brother? 你多久给你哥哥/弟弟发一次电子邮件？
B:Every two weeks. 两周一次。
10. I’m sorry to hear that. 听了这话/消息我很难过。
A:Zhang Ying is very ill. 张英病得很厉害。
B:I’m sorry to hear that. 听了这消息我很难过。
A:Li Hong’s granny died yesterday. 李红的奶奶昨天去世了。
B:Really? I’m sorry to hear that. 真的吗？听了这消息我很难过。
11. pretty well 相当好
pretty ad. 相当，非常 又如：
He’s a pretty good student. 他是个相当不错的学生。
He studies pretty hard. 他学习非常努力。
I’m getting along pretty well. 我近况很好。
12. hobby groups 兴趣小组
hobby group activities 兴趣小组活动
13. I have very little time for fun. 我很少有时间玩。
Have time for fun 有时间玩
注意little和a little的区别。little a. [表示否定]（数量或程度上）不多的，微少的，少到几乎没有的；a little [表示肯定]（数量或程度上）一些，一点点。如：
He knows little English. 他不大懂英语。
He knows a little English. 他懂一点儿英语。
14. dull a. 愚笨的；枯燥的，如：
a dull boy 呆头呆脑的男孩。
These books are dull. 这些书籍很无趣。
This film is very dull. 这部电影太无聊。
15. log on
Did you just log on?
16. lucky
You are lucky. / Lucky you.
17. Notes to the text (SB P156)
Discovering language
I. Look at the charts and answer the questions below. (Text Book)
II.Practice ( Make sentences by students themselves )
Homework
Oral work:
1. Recite the text
2. Make up short dialogues according to WB/P27 III.
Written work:
1. Do language focus on WB.
Period 3
Warming-up
Act out the dialogue of yesterday’s oral work.
Revision
Topic: School life / English Corner / Favourite food and sports / family / English Evening / Birthday Party
Additional words
I. Vocabulary of Part 2 (Show them the cards with the phonetic symbols of the new words.)
II.homeage 主页 index 索引
network 网络 browse 浏览
password 密码，口令 browser 浏览器
code 代码 input 输入
chat room 聊天室 output 输出
Developing skills
Listening & Speaking
1) Listen to the tape twice and complete the questionnaire.
2) Act out the conversation. (2 students)
Suppose you work with the School Students’Union, you want to find out whether high school juniors have enough time for fun. Conduct a survey of your classmates and then write a report for your headmaster.
Task 1:Work out a questionaire in groups of four
Task 2:Use the completed questionnair to interview your schoolmates, and make a note of their answers.
Task 3:Write a report on the survey results for your headmaster and then e-mail him.
Homework
Oral work:
Written work:
Quick responses:
1.What do you always do?
2.When do you usually get up?
3.Do you often watch TV?
4.Do you sometimes visit your friends?
5.Do you often go to the cinema?
6.Do you ever tell lies?
7.Do you never come to school late?
Go over the new words of Part 2 and recite the text.
1. Read the passage and decide if the following statements are true or faise. Tick the right boxes.
2. Notes to the reading
1) Now more and more students have access to the Internet.
现在越来越多的学生能使用国际互联网。
more and more 越来越多；后接名词，如：
more and more cars 越来越多的汽车，more and more highrises 越来越多的高楼
more and more… 越来越……；后接形容词或副词，如：
more and more beautiful 越来越美丽，more and more expensive 越来越昂贵，如果是单音节的形容词或副词，则是：
faster and faster 越来越快，closer and closer 越来越靠近，better and better越来越好
2) Still others use the Net to study. 还有人在网上学习。top a. 最上面的；最好的；最重要的 如：
the top 顶层，floor the top price 最高价，a top student 优秀学生，尖子生
top n. 顶部，最好的部分 如：still ad. 还有，此外还有 又如：
I still have another question. 我还有一个问题。
3) You can search these websites for information.
你可以搜寻这些网站寻找资料。
search for 搜寻；搜索；搜查，search此处用作不及物动词，如：
The policemen are searching for the thief. 警察正在搜寻窃贼。
search…for… 在……中搜寻（搜索）……，search此处用作及物动词，如：
The policemen searched the building for the thief. 警察在大楼里搜寻窃贼。
4) You can also access many of the world’s top libraries.
你也可以有机会进入世界上一流的图书馆。
The house is at the top of the hill. 这所房子在山顶上。
She is always at the top of the class. 她在班上总是名列前茅。
Writing
Write about Li Ming’s weekly activities in eight to ten sentences. Use the word and table cues.
1. Give the students a few minutes to finish the passage.
2. Let some students read their compositions.
3. Write some common mistakes on the blackboard and ask some students to correct.
Do writing on WB.
1. Recite the text.
2. Diction
1) How are you getting along at school?
2) I logged on about half an hour ago.
3) I take part in hobby group activities twice a week.
4) We do a school project every four month.
5) Lucky you. You have a lot of time for fun.
6) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
1. Do listening on WB.
2. Check other exercises.
Go over Lesson 2 and preview Lesson 3.
Unit Four Housing Estates and Surroundings
Lesson One Choosing a flat
1. to talk and write about rooms and flats
2. to make comparisons
3. to ask for and express opinions
Flats/ Rooms
Talking about flats
Asking for and expressing opinions
Making comparisons
Words and expressions:
From the text
From the reading
talk about…
in the center of
need
get… together
face south
messy
have a look (at)
write out
this weekend
Sentence patterns:
Shopping is the most convenient.
The bedroom faces south.
What do you think? (I think so, too.)
What kind of …?
I think …
Structures:
Revisions of comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs
Time: 5 periods
1. to do tuning in and to learn new words
2. to learn text and notes to the text
3. to learn discovering language and to do developing skills―listening and speaking
4. to do developing skills―reading and writing
5. to go over the text, do some dictations and to check exercises
1. Quick responses:
1) Let’s read the text, shall we/
2)
How do you say 第
3) Do you do any warm-up exercises in a PE class?
4) Do you ever do push-ups?
5) Do you ever do waist bends?
6) How much is eleven plus fourteen?
7) How much is seventeen minus five?
8) How much is six times nine?
9) How much is a hundred divided by twenty-five?
10) Which country is the third biggest in the world?
11)
What’s the capital of
2. Numbers (Cardinal numbers and Ordinal numbers)
3. Comparatives and superlatives
1. Answer the questions:
1) How do you like your house/flat?
2) Do you want to move into a bigger house/flat?
3) Do you think public transport is important in your everyday life?
4) Which flat is the biggest of the three?
5) Which flat has the largest sitting room? How large is it?
6) Do you like a flat with a bigger sitting room or a smaller one?
7) Which flat do you like best? Why?
2. A survey on housing conditions. Questions:
1) Where do you live, in a flat or a house?
2) How many rooms does it have?
3) How large is your flat/house?
4) Is public transport convenient?
Name
Flat or house
No. of rooms
Size
Public transport
Tom
flat
4
105
convenient
III. New words
1. Read after the tape.
2. Read by the students themselves. (Correct the pronunciation.)
3. Ask some students to read the words.
4. Let the students remember the Chinese meaning of the words.
(Teacher says English and the students say Chinese.)
5. Read by the students themselves again.
Written work:
Copy the new words and text.
Oral work:
1. Read and recite new words.
2. Preview the text.
Daily talk: Say something about your house/flat.
1. Numbers
2. Comparatives and superlatives
3. New words
1. Answer the questions according to the pictures of the text.
1) How many people are there in the picture?
2) What are they talking about?
3) Does Mrs. Wang think shopping is the most important?
2. Listen to the tape and read after the tape.
3. Read the text by the students themselves.
4. Role-play the text.
IV. Under the useful expressions and phrases. Explain the key points.
1. talk about 谈论
The boys in our class often talk about football, but the girls like to talk about singers.
我们班男生常常谈论足球，而女生喜欢谈论歌唱演员。
What are you talking about? We are having a lesson now. Please listen attentively.
你们在谈论什么？ 现在在上课，请专心听讲。
2. have a look (at) 看一看
Come and have a look at my new computer.
来看看我的电脑。
What’s happening there? Shall we go and have a look?
那儿发生了什么事了？ 我们去看一看，好吗？
3. a small flat一个小套间
flat 是英国英语，美国英语是apartment.
4． We need to buy a bigger one. 我们需要买一个大一点的套间。
need 既可用作情态动词，又可用作表意动词，如：
You needn’t go now. 你现在不用去。（情态动词）
I need to find a job. 我需要找一份工作。（表意动词）
5. What do you think? I think so, too. 你认为怎样？（用于征求对方的意见时） 我也这样认为。
A: Let’s go there by light rail. It’s both cheap and fast. What do you think?
我们乘轻轨去那儿，这样既便宜又快。你觉得如何？
B: I think so, too.
我也这样认为。
6. What kind of…?
What kind of T-shirts do you like, the tight ones or the loose ones?
你喜欢什么样的T恤衫？ 紧身的还是宽松的？
A: What kind of books are you interested in?
你对那种书感兴趣？
B: I’m interested in detective stories.
我对侦探小说感兴趣。
7. I think… 我认为…
I think the room with a balcony is better than the one without.
我认为有阳台的那间房比没有阳台的那见房好。
I don’t think living in the suburbs is inconvenient.
我认为住在郊区没有什么不方便的地方。
I don’t think watching TV is a waste of time.
我认为看电视不是浪费时间。
1. Learn the text by heart.
2. Do comprehension check on WB and SB.
I.Revision
1.Recite the text. (whole class)
2.Role-play the text.
3.Check comprehension check on WB and SB.
II.Additional words
decorate the room 布置房间 store room 储藏室
furnish the kitchen/bathroom 给厨房/卫生间安装设备配备家具
neighborhood 居民点，街坊，四邻 community 社区
III.Discovering language
1.Review the use of “can, may, must, need”.
2.Read the sentences on p115.
3.Answer the questions.
4.Fill in the blanks with should, need, can or may.
IV.Developing skill―Listening
1.Listen to the conversation between Wang Qiang and his parents once.
2.Answer the questions:
1)Is Wang Qiang’s room big or small?
2)Is Wang Qiang a big boy or a small boy?
3)Do they need a bigger flat?
4)Does Wang Qiang father agree with Wang Qiang and his mother?
3.Listen to the conversation again.
4.Answer the four questions on p115.
V.Developing skill―Speaking
Wang Qiang and his father at the housing agency. They are talking about the flats. Suppose one of you is Wang Qiang or the agency and the other is Wang Qiang’s father. Make up short dialogues about the flats according to the following models. Use the word and phrase cues in the box.
VI.Homework
Do language focus on WB.
Fourth Period
I.Revision
Recite the text
II.A survey
Step 1 Conduct a survey on your group members’ housing conditions in the past and at present with the help of the following questions, and then fill in the survey below.
Step 2 Fill in the blanks with proper words, and then tell your classmate about your survey results.
III.Reading
1.Read the passage and decide if the following statements are true or false. Tick the right boxes.
2.Answer the questions:
1)When did the Whites buy a new house?
2)Is the public transport more convenient than around their old house?
3)When are they going to move to it?
4)Why are the sitting room and the bedroom messy?
5)Is father looking for his jacket?
6)Why are they busy?
7)Does Jack know how to pack books?
3.Explain the key points and underline the useful phrases.
1)get … together 把…收拢
Please get all the newspapers together and throw them into the recycling box.
把所有的报纸收拢来，然后扔进回收箱里。
Can you help me get all the books together?
你能帮我把所有的书都收拢起来吗/
2)messy 乱七八糟
Look at your study. It’s messy. 看你的书房，乱七八糟。
After the party, the garden was messy. 聚会后，花园里乱七八糟。
3)write out 写出， 列出
The Chinese teacher wrote out a list of books for us to read on the first day of school.
开学第一天，语
Let’s write out all the things we are going to buy. I can’t remember so many things.
我们把要买的所有东西都写出来，我记不住那么多。
4)and the public transport is more convenient than that around their old house.
that 指public transport。同一句中为避免重复往往用代词that, those, one 或ones 指代前面的主语
The weather in
上海的天气比北京的好。
The apple on the plate is larger than the one in the basket.
盘子里的苹果比篮子的大。
5)Maybe it’s in a bag, I’m not sure. 大概在包里，我不肯定。
maybe 也许，大概；用于猜测或对某事不肯定。
Maybe Xiao Li lives on the fifth floor, I’m not sure.
也许小李住在5楼，我不能肯定。
Let’s try another library. Maybe we can borrow the book there.
我们到另一家图书馆去试试，也许在那儿能借到这本书。
IV.Homework
1.Writing on SB.
2.Skill focus on WB.
I.Revision
Dictation
1. The most convenient thing here is shopping.
2. I want to choose a flat in the suburbs.
3. The kitchen has six square metres.
4. Both our sitting room and my bedroom face south.
5. There are many highrises in the center of town.
6. The light rail station is near the crossroads.
II.Ask some students to read out their compositions.
III.Check the exercise in the workbook.
Do skill focus―listening on WB.
IV.Phonetics.
Listen to the tape. Make the stressed syllables of these words.
V.Homework
Go over this lesson.
Lesson One Computers
To enable students to do the following:
1. talk about computers and the Internet
2. express ability with be able to
3. express obligation with ought to
4. use modal verbs
Words and expressions:
From the text
From the reading
ought to
be connected to
get familiar with
access
control
order
type in
book
do word processing
enable
in one word
Structures:
be able to
ought to
Revision of modal verbs
Sentence patterns:
What can you do with…?
What’s the use of…?
We use it for…
1. to learn new words, tuning in and discovering language
2. to learn text and notes
3. to learn listening and speaking
4. to learn reading and writing
5. to check workbook
My favorite football hero
Label the different parts of the computer and complete the following sentences.
Teach these new words according the pictures: main unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse, electronics, type in, do word processing
Answer the questions
1. What are the main parts of the computer?
2. What can you do with the mouse?
3. What’s the use of the keyboard?
be able to 的用法
Look at the table and complete the dialogues below with be able to in its proper form.
1. What does be able to mean? It means can.
2. What is the past / future / question form of be able to?
The past form is was able to.
The future form is will be able to.
3. What’s the negative form of be able to in the future tense?
The negative form in the future is won’t able to.
Do language focus Ex. 1 on WB.
Copy the new words
Recite the new words
Preview the text
What does a monitor of a computer do?
What does a keyboard do?
What helps to control the computer?
What can we do on the computer?
Where is the electronics?
Spell the new words
Step 1
Answer the question according to the pictures:
1. Who’s the man?
2. What are they doing?
3. What lesson are they having?
Step 2
Finish the comprehension check on WB after the tape
Step 3
Read after the tape
Step 4
Role-play the text
Step 5
Read the text by the students themselves
Notes to the text (Page 127 ?128)
Additional notes
get familiar with 熟悉
We must get familiar with our new neighbors.
The teacher is doing his best to get familiar with the new textbook.
control 控制
Now we can use the computer to control the public transport.
Can we use the keyboard to control the computer?
type in 打字输入
You need to type in the information yourself.
Type in your password.
do word processing 进行文字处理
We can do word processing on the computer.
Can you show me how to do word processing on the computer?
What can you do with…? 用……你可以做些什么？
A: What can you do with the computer?
B: A lot. I can do word processing, surf the Internet and send e-mail.
Copy the text
Recite the text
Do comprehension check on SB
Daily talk: Computer
Read the text
Recite the text
Do comprehension check in pairs
Do language focus Ex. 2 on WB
1. Listen to the dialogue between Julia and David, and find out about their use of computers. Tick the right boxes.
2. Work in pairs and talk about your computer skills after the model. Use the word cues below.
3. Suppose one of your classmates’ parents has written a letter to your headmaster or headmistress. Read the letter and complete the two tasks below.
Task 1 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet in groups of four after the model. Use the word cues
Task 2 Complete the following reply to Mr. Green’s letter according to your discussion.
Do language focus Ex. 3 4
Period Four
Present your reply in class.
1. Read the passage
2. Complete the sentences.
3. Notes
be connected to 与……连接
That computer is connected to the Internet.
The line is connected to that machine.
access 接近 (v.) 享有权；接近权 (n.)
Can you access the central data bank?
Now we can access modern technology.
The students have access to many foreign books.
order 订购；点（菜）
Let’s order some fish and chips.
Tom has ordered a table in the restaurant.
book 预定
I’d like to book
two seats
Paul booked a room for two nights.
enable 使能够
The Internet enables us to get more information.
The computer enables us to do a better job.
in one word 简而言之
In one word, the Internet has made our lives more convenient.
In one word, the computer is a useful machine.
4. Questions
a. Do you like computers?
b. What can you do on the computer?
c. How long do you use the computer every week?
d. Do your parents often use the Net?
e. How do they like the computer?
Write six to eight sentences about your computer skills.
Read out the composition.
Do skill focus on WB
A children’s rhyme
netizen 网民
Net surf 网络漫游
computer virus 计算机病毒
cyber 计算机的，网络的
browse 浏览
cyberspace 网络空间
scroll 滚动显屏
access charge 接入费
cursor 光标
BBS 公告板服务
backer 黑客
chat room 聊天室
click 点击
Do skill focus (Listening)
Go over the lesson
Household appliances
Teaching objectives:
To enable students to do the following:
1. talk about household appliances
2. describe processes
3. exclaim
Language focus and difficult points:
Words and expressions:
… …
Sentence pattern:
What … ! / How … !
It’s almost the same as an ordinary TV.
First, … . Next, … . Then, … . Finally, … .
What’s the use of this button? / What’s that button for?
How’s it different from an ordinary TV, then?
Structures:
Exclamations
Contents:
1. to learn the words and expressions, tuning in and have a brief introduction of the text
2. to learn the text and discovering language
3. to learn listening & speaking in Developing Skills
4. to learn Reading & Writing in Developing Skills
5. Revision and exercises
An English song: Two thousand miles to go
Step 1 Look at the pictures and tell the names of the household appliances
Ø Household appliance:
Ø Washing machine
Ø Digital TV remote control inch
Ø Vacuum cleaner
Ø Air-conditioner
Ø Refrigerator
Ø DVD player
Ø Dishwasher
Ø Microwave oven
Ø Toaster
Ø fan
Ø Turn on
Ø Turn up
Ø Select
Ø Press
Ø Power
Ø Volume
Which of these household appliance can you use to:
l wash clothes?
l clean your house?
l watch movies with better picture and sound?
l brown your bread?
l control a household appliance?
l play DVDs?
l clean your dishes?
l prepare food quickly?
l keep your food cold?
l make the air in your room colder or warmer?
Step 3 Talk about the usage of the household appliances in pairs.
1. Listen to the tape recorder of the text twice. (books shut)
2. Answer the following questions:
a. Where are Li Hui and his cousin?
b. Li Hui’s family have moved into a new housing estate, haven’t they?
c. What have they bought for their new flat?
d. What are they?
e. Which appliance is Li Hui’s cousin interested in?
3. Listen and read after the tape.
4. Do Comprehension Check
IV. Homework:
Oral work:
Read the words and text
Written work:
1. Copy the words and expressions
2. Comprehension check in workbook
I. Revision:
Read the words and expressions
1. Read the text once, then check the Comprehension Check
2. Language points:
the same as
e.g. Your computer is the same as mine.
Her hair is the same colour as her mother’s.
press vt.
e.g. He pressed the doorbell.
Just press this button, and you’ll start the air-conditioner.
turn on / off
e.g. He turned on his desk lamp and started to do his homework.
Shall we turn on the television and watch the news?
Please don’t turn off the radio.
select vt.
e.g. I’d like to select some cards for Christmas.
We selected eleven people for our class football team.
turn up / down ( the volume )
e. g. I can’t hear very well. Could you turn up the volume?
The room isn’t warm enough. Would you please turn up the air-conditioner?
It’s too noisy. Please turn down the TV.
way of life
e.g. Do you know anything about the American way of life?
Modern technology has caused great changes to people’s way of life.
What … ! / How … !
e.g. What a bright student he is!
How bright the student is!
How well you look!
First, …. Next, … . Then, … . Finally, … .
e.g. A: Could you tell me how to use the washing machine?
B: Sure. First, put in the clothes and soup powder. Next, press ON to turn on the power. Then, press START to start washing. Finally, press OFF to turn off the power.
3. Read and role play the text.
III. Discovering language:
1. Read the dialogue and answer the questions: (TB P.150 )
2. Rewrite the sentence:
a. T: Our classroom is very tidy!
S1: How tidy our classroom is!
S2: What a tidy classroom ours is!
b.
T:
S1:
How fast
c. T: We’ve read an interesting book.
S2: What an interesting book we have read!
3. (WB P.78 ) Language focus EX. II
4.
IV. Homework:
Oral work:
Read and recite the words and expressions.
Written work:
Language Focus in WB
I. Revision:
1. Recite the words and expressions
2. Role play the text
II. Developing skills:
1. Review numbers and the names of the counties
2. Listening: Listen to the dialogues, and complete the table about household appliances.
² Listen to tape recorder twice
² Check
² Listen to the tape recorder again
3. Speaking: Pair work: talking about how to use the household appliances after the model.
² Read the phrases in the box and the model
² Work in pairs
² Ask a few pairs to act out in class
² Ask the Ss to talk about some other household appliances
III. Homework:
Oral work:
Read and recite the text
Bring a small household appliance or find an introduction of a household appliance from home,
Give instructions about how to use it
Written work:
Skill Focus in WB
Period Four
I. Revision:
Dictation:
1. They have bought new household appliances for their new flat.
2. Li Hui’s cousin came to visit their new home this morning.
3. What a big TV is!
4. This new model of digital TV is made in
4. Do you know how to use this machine?
5. The new digital TV is almost the same as an ordinary TV.
6. First, press this button to turn on the TV. Next, you can use the remote control to select the channels. Then, press these buttons to turn up or down the volume. Finally, you use this button again to turn it off.
7. The picture and sound are far better on a digital TV than on an ordinary one.
II. Developing skills:
Ex.3 Bring a small household appliance from your home. Work in groups of four and take
turns to give instructions about how to use it after the model.
Ex.4.
Notes to the reading:
get rid of
e.g. It’s time to get of all those old toys.
You should get rid of your bad habits.
by hand
e.g. This wooden sweater is knit by hand.
These toys are all made by hand.
With the help of
e.g. You can find more information with the help of the Internet.
With the help of the medicine, he got better very soon.
III. A survey:
YEARS
HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES
1960-1969
1970-1979
1980-1989
1990-1999
2000-
Additional words and expressions
VCR/ videocassette recorder answering machine
(blank) videotape cable TV
video camera Iron
stereo system hair dryer
speaker electric fan
tape recorder electric razor
tape / cassette coffeemaker
Questions:
1. Do Chinese families use more household appliances than before?
2. What does that mean? Does it mean that Chinese people’s lives are getting better and better?
3. Is our country developing very fast?
4. What shall we do to help our country develop even faster in the future?
Writing: Write six to eight sentences about household appliances.
Complete the exercises in Lesson by lesson practice
I. Warming up:
A report on the survey
Skill Focus in WB
1. Listen to the following dialogues and choose the vest answers
2. Suppose your partner does not know how to use the following appliances. First complete the instructions below with sentences from the box. Then practise in pairs after the model.
3. Work in pairs and talk about household appliances in your homes after the model.
4. Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false.
III. Homework:
Review L.3
Robots
Teaching objectives
To enable students to the following:
l Talk about robots
l Ask for clarification
l Use indefinite pronouns: somebody/someone, anybody/anyone, nobody/no one, every body/everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything.
Words and expressions:
From the text:
tidy up
prepare
make the bed
perform and operation ( on sb. )
with pleasure
difference(s) between
Something/anything/nothing+ adj.
be different from
from the reading
be full of
all kinds of
keep doing sth.
carry out
Sentence patterns:
There’s something/anything/nothing interesting about it.
Robots are different from ordinary machines.
What’s the difference between robots and ordinary machines?
Do you mean…?
With pleasure.
1. New words and expressions & Tuning in.
2. Text & Discovering Language
3. Developing Skill ? Listening & Speaking
4. Developing Skill ?listening& Reading & Writing
5. Comments on the exercises
Warm up:
Could you describe your favourite robot.
Include the robot’s name, appearance, character, ability
Tuning in:
Answer the questions below. Use the picture and word cues.
Read the expressions according to the pictures.
tidying up a room
preparing food
doing and experiment in space
doing a dangerous job
making the bed
performing an operation
Answer the questions in pairs:
1. What’s the robot in each picture doing?
2. Which ones are home-help robots?
3. What can robots help people with?
4. Are robots different from ordinary machines?
Vocabulary list:
robot
tidy
tidy up
prepare
dangerous
make the bed
operation
perform/ perform an operation
home-help
pleasure/ with pleasure
difference/ be different from
ordinary
housework
somebody
memory
fantastic
factory
Read the words together.
Listen to the text and read after the tape one sentence by one sentence.
Assignment:
Oral: Recite the new words and read the words and text after the tape for 45 minutes.
Written: Copy the text and complete the comprehension check.
Warm up :
Children’ rhyme
Life can be good,
Life can be bad;
Life is mostly cheerful,
But sometimes sad.
Life can be dreams.
Life can be great thoughts;
Life can mean a person
Sitting in court.
Life can be dirty,
Life can even be painful;
But life is what you make it,
So try to make it beautiful.
(with a piece of music)
Revision:
Dictate the words and expressions
Text.
Read the text after the tape.
Complete the comprehension check and check out the answer.
Language highlights and useful phrases.
Tidy up
Example: She tidied up the room this morning.
You’d better tidy yourself up now.
Prepare/prepare for…
Example: He is preparing his lessons for the examination.
Please prepare the table for dinner.
She has prepared a lot of information for her project.
Make the bed
Do you make the bed yourself after you get up?
Although she is young, she is able to make the bed by herself.
Indefinite pronouns:
How to use indefinite pronouns .
Which of these pronouns do we use to talk about people?
Which of these pronouns do we use to talk about things?
People:
Someone/somebody/everybody/everyone (肯定)
Anyone/anybody（疑问）
No one/nobody （否定）
Things:
Anything/anyone（疑问）
Nothing/no one （否定）
Group work:
Make the positive sentences, negative sentences and questions with indefinite words.
Make the sentences with “ be different from”, “tidy up”
“prepare for”, “with pleasure”, “Do you mean”+
Role-read the text.
Assignment:
Written: comprehension exercises in the book.
Page 70 exercises in the workbook.
Copy the text and translate it.
Oral: Read the new words and text about 45 minutes and recite all the words.
Warm up:
Personal Robot PaPeRo,
Creating better human-machine
interface 界面through
"living with robots"
NEC's new robot PaPeRo is smaller and lighter with many improved features on our first generation prototype - 'Personal Robot R100'. PaPeRo's stand-alone architecture means it can easily be taken out of the laboratory, which allows the robot to be taken home, and to many other locations where we can conduct two main types of research. First, the technology issue, such as improving its recognition and sensing ability, and the other, is relationships between humans and robots. Through this fieldwork, we are hoping further the possibilities of introducing robots into our lives.
Revision:
Dictate the words.
Role-read the text.
Developing Skills
l Listen to the dialogue at a robot shop and complete the information about a new model of home-help robot below.
l Analyse the table, read some words: advantages, uses, cost
l Listen to the tape twice and check the answer.
Work in pairs and talk about robots after the model. Use the word cues below.
Practice the following main sentences.
l “With pleasure”
l “Do you mean….”
Read the words, phrases cues in pairs.
Role-play in pairs.
Read the passage and decide if the following statements are true or false.
Listen to the tape.
Read after tape one sentence by one sentence.
Check out the answers.
Assignment:
Do exercises in the workbook.
Read reading for 45 minutes.
Recite the text.
Fourth Period
Warm Up:
Read reading.
Revision:
Dictate the text.
Group work. Suppose you are robotic scientists. You want to develop different types of robots to meet the needs of various kinds of people. Discuss and decide what types of robots you should develop.
Step 1. Discuss your ideas in groups of four after the model. Use the table cues. Then complete the different uses of robots.
Model:
Let’s develop a robot to help students practise English, shall we?
Yes, let’s. Maybe we could also develop a robot to help policemen control traffic.
I agree. Shall we develop a robot to help firemen put out fires, too?
Yes, why not? I feel we also ought to develop a robot to help scientists do experiments in space.
Discuss the users and uses in groups and complete the table.
Report your group discussion to the whole class after the model
Read the words and phrases.
Read reading after the tape.
Check out the statements
Pair work ask and answer the questions according to the reading in pairs.
Assignment:
Read reading.
Finish the exercises in the workbook.
Fifth period
Warm up:
Read reading.
Additional words:
Listening comprehension.
Listen and check two listening exercises in the workbook.
Comment the exercises in the workbook.
Unit Four Science in English
Lesson Two Seasons
1. Talk about seasons
2. Patterns:
(1) So / Neither am / do / have I.
(2) What’s your favorite season?
(3) I like summer better than spring.
(4) I like winter best.
3. Comparisons
Daily talk
Learning the new words and phrases by questions and answers.
1. How many people are there in your family?
2. How many students are there in your class?
3. How many days ate there in a week?
4. What are they?
5. How many months are there in a year?
6. How many seasons are there in a year?
7. What are they?
8. What’s the weather like in spring / summer / autumn / winter?
9. What’s your favourite season?
10. Why do you like spring / summer / autumn / winter best?
11. Is it warm in spring?
hot in summer?
cool in autumn?
cold in winter?
will
So am I
do they
have
Neither did
does she / he / it
12. I like sports in winter. What about you? (So do I.)
13. He is a teacher. (So am I.)
14. You won’t go to school on Sunday. (Neither will I.)
15. You have two books. (So have we.)
16. We often go to the beach and swim in the sea. And you?
(So do I. / Me too.)
17. We can make snowman in winter. What about you? (So can we.)
18. You can go skiing in winter. (So can we.)
19. We can’t swim in winter. (Neither can we.)
20. Is it a good time for outdoor activities in spring or in autumn?
21. What is spring / summer / autumn / winter like?
22. Are birds singing in spring?
23. Flowers are blooming, aren’t they?
24. What are your favorite outdoor activities?
25. Do you like summer better than spring?
26. You prefer summer to spring, don’t you?
27. Who can tell me how many long holidays we have in a year?
28. What are they?
29. You can go sightseeing during the long holidays, can’t you?
30. Where do you go for the holidays?
31. Have you been to Harbin for holidays?
32. What is the weather like there?
33. What is the highest / lowest temperature there?
34. Christmas day is coming, isn’t it?
35. Will you have a long Christmas holiday?
36. Where will you go for the holiday?
37. I will go to Guilin for this holiday. What about you? (So will I.)
38. Can you tell us something about Li Hui, Linda, Li Jin and Julia’s talk?
Reading the new words after the tape.
Reading the text
Dialogue:
Can you have a discussion about your plan for the long Christmas holiday?
Comprehension check (p143)
1. Recite the text and talk about seasons
2. Copy the new words and text and discovering language
Daily talk
Review the text by questions and answers.
1. How many people are there in our text?
2. Who are they?
3. Where are they?
4. What are they doing?
5. Which season does Li Hui like best?
6. What’s Li Hui’s favorite season?
7. What’s your favorite season?
Now let’s talk about seasons in groups, shall we?
1. I like spring.
2. I am a student.
3. I went to the park yesterday.
4. I don’t like English.
5. I didn’t go to school yesterday.
6. I am not a teacher.
7. I haven’t seen the film yet.
8. What kind of verbs do we use after “so” and “neither” in the above sentences?
9. Do we put the verbs before or after the subjects in the above sentences?
10. Do we use “so” in response to a positive sentence?
11. Do we use “neither” in response to a negative sentence?
12. How to use “so” and “neither”?
Developing skills
Now let’s talk about all there clothes
Where to put them, in shop window 1 or 2?
When to wear these clothes in winter or in summer?
Filling in the blanks:
1. How many months are there in winter?
2. What’s the weather like in these months?
3. What kinds of clothes do we wear in these months?
4. What kinds of activities do we have?
5. How many months are there in summer?
6. How is the weather in these months?
7. What kinds of clothes do we usually wear in these months?
8. What kinds of activities do we have?
Give responses to what you have heard with so… I or neither… I.
1. My cousin is very interested in outdoor games and sports.
2. I’m not going sightseeing during my summer holidays.
3. I often go to the beach in summer.
4. I don’t like making snowman.
5. I’ve booked a package tour for my winter holidays.
6. I haven’t surfed the Internet for a long time.
1. Ex. 4 5 (p146)
2. Reading
3. Write a composition
Warming-up
Daily talk
1. New words of Part II.
2. Where is New Zealand?
3. Where is Britain?
4. Where is China?
5. How many months are cold in Britain?
6. What about New Zealand?
7. What do the people in New Zealand do in December and January?
8. Where do they go for their holidays?
9. In which season does it snow?
10. What kind of clothes do the people in New Zealand wear in June, July and August?
11. Now let’s do task 1, task 2 in pairs, shall we?
Writing on the blackboard.
Check up the “Comprehension” in workbook
.
Check up Ex.1 of language focus.
Homework
Exs in WB
Daily talk
Check up Ex 2 3 of language focus
Skill focus
Listening 1
Work in pairs and talk about your favorite activities for different seasons.
Conduct a survey.
Ex 4 5
Daily talk
Preview the next text
Daily talk
“Christmas is coming”
Go over the text
Teaching Plan
Teacher: Bai Yinghua, No. 79 Middle School
Unit One
Teaching aims
Knowledge and ability:1. Aa~Nn 14 English letters
2. English vowels (20)
(front, central, back and diphthongs )
3. Some short and easy words.
3. Some greeting sentences.
Key words: Greeting
Moral, attitude and value: how to greet people
Culture conscious: to teach Ss how to begin English study.
Main and difficult points
1. How to pronounce and write Aa~Nn 14 English letters
2. How to pronounce, write and use phonetic scripts
3. What should Ss say when they greet someone.
Teaching tools
A multi-media computer
Tapes, cards and pictures
Teaching
procedure
1. Divide this unit into 2 lessons, the first lesson contains: lesson 1, first part of lesson 2 and first part of lesson 3. the second lesson contains: the second and third parts of lesson 2 and lesson 3, and the whole lesson 4.
2. when we teach Ss English letters, we should teach them not only the writing and pronunciation of English letters, but also let the Ss write some words which has these English letters and remember them.
3. when we teach Ss English scripts, pay more attention to the pronunciation of each script. And make differences between Chinese ones and English ones.
4. let Ss prepare some word cards, phonetic script cards, so that they can practice at anytime.
5. when we teach Ss greeting sentences, we need more practice and exercises to grasp them in different ways to enlarge Ss’ vocabulary.
6. give Ss effective homework related with more practice.
Evaluation tools
1. evaluation forms, teacher to Ss, student to student.
2. give value conclusions to every Ss after class.
3. set files for every Ss.
Personal teaching
1. A letter means ten more words
Eg: Aa => apple, father, map, bag, name, class, and, are, grade, cake, car, at, thank, teacher …… (Ss do this part by themselves.)
So Ss can learn and grasp the words before they learn them.
2. cards making
different kinds of card have different kinds of functions.
Script cards letter cards word cards.
1. 此单元为初中英语教学的起始单元，对英语教学的最基础教学，应该更具有稳固性，更具有吸引力。
2. 通过此单元的教学，初步掌握学生的英语水平和能力。
3. 针对学生的状况，对自己的教学方法和方式及时的进行调整。
Teaching Plan
Teacher: Zhang Bin No.79 Middle School
Topic
Lesson 7&8 (Unit 2)
Teaching aims
Knowledge and ability 1 know the letters from U to Z
2 know some simple words with the letters
above in them
3 learn some phonetic symbols
4 can use everyday English easily.
Process and mothord: set an example to let them use daily English, then they practice using the language.
Moral, attitude and value: to be polite to others
Main and difficult points
1 remember some new words
2 recognize the phonetic symbols clearly
3 use everyday English
Teaching tools
A multi-media computer and some pictures
Teaching procedure
Content
Teacher’s
activities
Students’
activities
Intention
Timeme
Pre-task
Know the
Six letters
Ask a student to
write a letter on
the blackboard
Write
them
on their
exercise
books
Practice
The
letters
15’
Some
Simple
words
Remember some
simple words
with the letters
we learn
Box
Pencil
rest
------
enlarge
their
words
Phonetic
symbols
write
Read and
write
recognize them
While-task
Everyday
English
Excuse me, where
Is the guest?
Are you---?
Good! I am--,
Welcome to ---!
Can you spell
Your name?
-------
See you later!
over there
Yes, I am
Thanks
Yes---
See you!
open
their
mouths
and do
more
practice
20’
Post-task
1--- ___you Mary? ---No, my name ___Kate
A Are, is B Is, am C Is,is D Are,am
2―Where is “T”---_____
A This is here B No, it’s not here
C It’s here D Here it is
3 ?Hello, boys and girls --_____
A Good morning, teacher B Hello,teacher
C Thanks, teacher D How are you teacher
4 ?Sit down, please.---_____
A Hello B That’s a book C Thank you
D Fine, thanks
5 ---Nice to meet you!--_____
A Fine, thank you B How are you
C I’m fine, too D Nice to meet you,too
Practice
more
5’
homework
Remember the letters, phonetic symbols and the news words;
Make a dialogue with everyday English
4
4
New
1
The Object Clouse (1)
Drill
Came about others
as soon as
{
possible
sb can
except…
He says(that) …
Tape
I. Revision
1. Are you a member of the League? Yes.
What
{
does
}
he say?
He
{
says
}
(that) he
{
is
}
a…
did
said
was
2. How long lave you been in the…for…
He
{
says
}
(that) he
{
has
}
been in…for…
said
had
3. Do you want to join the League? Yes.
1
4
4
New
2
The Object Clause
Reading comprehension
Travelling
keep doing sth, offer ob sth
Practice doing sth
enjoy able, comfortable
Tape
I. Revision
1. Have you ever seen a train / a plane?
2. If you want to take a train, which station do you have to go to, the bus station or railway station?
3. Are there may {
people at the railway station?
shops selling all kinds of drinks, food or fruit?
So we say it is very lively.
4. Have you ever traveled {
by
} train {
by
} air?
on a
on a
5. Which is more popular, traveling by train or by air? Why?
4
4
4
New
3
The Object Clause (1)
Practise
Sports
What a pity!
The score is 2-1
his own team
Tape
I. Revision
Ask and answer the questions of Lesson 14
II. Presentation
1. Did you have a football match?
2. Did your own football team win (the match)?
3. What was the score?
The score was 3-2
7
He
{
says
}
(that) he
{
wants
}
to join…
said
wanted
4. What will you do if you want to be a…?
He
{
says
}
(that) he
{
will
}
work hard
said
would
II. Presentation
1. Part 1
1) Who is the telephone from / to?
2) Why does he call Mr Song Jia?
2. Guers: headmaster, mount, except
as
{
soon
}
as
{
possible
指（时间）
quickly
sb can
指（立即）
fast
指（速度）
3. What
{
does
}
Mr Green Say?
did
4. When is Mr. Green free?
except…
III. Practice
Part 2
IV. Homework
2
II. Presentation
Jim Green went to Sichuan Province on a train
Why did like to take a train there?
1. much cheaper and safer
2. far more enjoyable and comfortable
3. stand up and walk around
4. talk laugh and play cards, read magazines
5. keep watching the beautiful scenery out of the window
6. Not a
hurried
} trip / ride / journey
rushed
7. a sleeping car
8. like a moving party (a moving story)
III. Read
Guess: offer sb sth
practive doing
the click of the rails
IV. Practise
V. Home work
5
4. If someone missed the match, what would you say to him?
What a pity?
III. Read and act
1. Why did Jim and Lin Tao have to stop talking?
The bell rang
2. What did Lin Tao say
{
when he mot Jim?
about the football {
match?
team?
score?
the football match?
3. What did Jim say about {
Mount Emei?
his trip to Mount Emei?
his photos?
IV. Practice
V. Homework
8
he{
is
}a…
headmaster
was
mount, except
he{
has
}been in…
He{
says
}(that){
had
said
he{
wants
}to join…
wanted
he{
will
}work…
would
soon
}as
{
possible
时间
as{
quick
sb can
立即
fast
速度
1. Pleare write to me as soon as {
possible
you can
2. I’ll go as quickly as{
possible
I can
3. He can as fast as{
possible
he could
3
the railway station
far more enjoyable and comfortable
all kind of
much cheaper and safer
lively province
read magazines
offer sb sth
keep watching
practise doing
not a {
hurried
} trip / ride / journey
the click of the rails
rushed
like a moving party
1. None of us know (s) him
No one
} knows him
Nobody
2. Every one
} of us knows him
Each
3. I’m ill, He often comforts me, so 2 feel comfortable a comfortable chair
4. I enjoy taking a train, and I think it’s enjoyable
5. He told us a moving story
6. He offered {
me 10 yuan for the book
to buy my book for 10 yuan
6
here
} a football match
hold
your own football team
The score was 3-2
What a pity!
1. He fell ill. ×→ He felt ill
2. He felt sleep. ×→ He fell asleep
3. He will call (call) you as soon as he arrives (arrive) there
4. He said he would call (call) you as soon as he arrived (arrive) there
5. He said he was going (go) there {
by car
in his car
6. all kinds of books
this kind of book(s) =
books
} of this kind
a book
9
