《2025年星推荐涂教材八年级英语下册人教版》

阅读提升 归纳解题技巧

阅读理解题解答技巧(四):主旨归纳法

[方法概述]
可以概括一篇文章或一段话的中心或主题的句子叫主题句。主题句通常具有高度的综合性和概括性,文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或拓展。
阅读理解中要求学生找出主题句、选择最佳标题、选择文章主题或归纳主旨大意的题是为了考查考生把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力,包括分析归纳文章或段落大意、分析文章重要情节、把握人物特征等能力。
一般来说,说明文和议论文都有主题句,常位于文章的开头,有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时需要考生在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上进行归纳总结。
[典例精析]
(2022 浙江杭州中考)There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers，but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono，an expert in creative thinking and problem solving，has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities，and will continue to be so in the future.
One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in town center...
According to Dr. de Bono，people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future... So，next time you have a problem in your community，think about it creatively，from different perspectives，and see what ideas you have.
What is the topic of the text?
A. Being a creative artist in the community.
B. Doing business successfully in the future.
C. Asking experts for some useful advice.
D. Using creative thinking to solve problems.

答案： D 解析:本题宜采用“主旨归纳法”。根据本文首段中的“using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities，and will continue to be so in the future”可知,本文讲的是要用创造性思维来解决问题。故选 D。

[经典试题]
(四川遂宁中考)在成长过程中,青少年面临越来越多的烦恼,主要是精神压力太大。请以此为话题写一篇 80 词左右的短文。
要点提示：
1. 导致青少年精神压力大的主要原因：
(1) 课业
(2) 与他人相处
2. 减少压力的措施：
(1) 积极参加课外活动
(2) 多与他人交流沟通
3. 简要谈谈你对压力利弊的看法。(至少一点)
注意：
1. 文章开头已给出,不计入总词数。
2. 文章必须包含所给要点提示,要求语句通顺,行文连贯。
3. 不可逐词翻译,应有自己的见解并适当发挥。
4. 文章中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
We teenagers have more and more pressure while growing up. ______



佳作成篇：
We teenagers have more and more pressure while growing up.
Here are two main reasons. One is that our courses is more difficult and the other is the problem of getting on with other people.① However，too much pressure is not good for teenagers’ development.② So how to deal with the pressure? Firstly，why don’t we take part in some after-school activities?③ It’s a good way to relax. Secondly，more communication often works.
All in all，it’s normal to have pressure in our life.④ Proper pressure can make us better. We should try our best to deal with it and keep our body and mind healthy.

亮点点评：
①运用“One... the other...”结构说明两个原因是什么。
②运用 too much 和 be (not) good for 强调了压力过大的不良影响。
③运用句型“Why don’t we/you do...?”点明了第一个措施。
④运用“it’s+adj.+to do sth.”结构表明了作者对压力的看法。

答案：