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9、【2008・广州市】乙酸乙酯是重要的有机合成中间体，广泛应用于化学工业。实验室制备乙酸乙酯的化学方程式如下：
CH3COOH＋C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5＋H2O
为证明浓硫酸在该反应中起到了催化剂和吸水剂的作用，某同学利用上图所示装置进行了以下四个实验，实验开始先用酒精灯微热3min，再加热使之微微沸腾3min。实验结束后充分振荡试管Ⅱ再测有机层的厚度，实验记录如下：
实验
编号
试管Ⅰ中的试剂
试管Ⅱ中试剂
测得有机层的厚度/cm
A
2mL乙醇、2mL乙酸、1mL 18mol/L浓硫酸
饱和碳酸钠溶液
5.0
B
3mL乙醇、2mL乙酸
0.1
C
3mL乙醇、2mL乙酸、6mL 3mol/L硫酸
1.2
D
3mL乙醇、2mL乙酸、盐酸
1.2
(1).实验D的目的是与实验C相对照，证明H＋对酯化反应具有催化作用。实验D中应加入盐酸的体积和浓度分别是 mL和 mol/L。
(2).分析实验 （填实验编号）的数据，可以推测出浓硫酸的吸水性提高了乙酸乙酯的产率。浓硫酸的吸水性能够提高乙酸乙酯产率的原因是 。
(3).加热有利于提高乙酸乙酯的产率，但实验发现温度过高乙酸乙酯的产率反而降低，可能的原因是 。
10、【2008・鄂州市】某有机物A的相对分子质量为94.5，在一定条件下可以发生如下转化（其他产物和水以省略）。请回答下列问题：
 |
（1）按要求写化学式： A的分子式 J的结构简式
（2）在上述反应中①～⑨反应中，属于取代反应的是 ，属于消去反应的是
（3）写出下列反应的化学方程式：
B→C
C→F
（4）有机物I在一定条件下，可合成一种环保型的高分子材料，则该高分子材料的结构简式为
（5）写出 I的一种同分异构体（能与金属钠、NaOH溶液和银氨溶液均能反应）的结构简式
11、【2008・南京市】I．在一定条件下，一些含羰基的化合物能发生如下反应：
II.格氏试剂(RMgX，X表示卤原子)与含羰基的化合物能发生如下反应：
⑴以柠檬醛为原料，按以下反应流程图合成维生素A：
上述流程中，试剂X的结构简式为 ，①、②、③的反应类型分别是 、 、 。
⑵利用题目所给信息和学府的反应原理，以
、CH3CHO和CH3MgBr为有机原料（其他无机试剂任选），可以分5步合成
，用反应流程图表示。
。
⑶
有多种同分异构体，其中属于酚类且苯环上只有两个对位基团的同分异构体共有
种。
12、【2008・南京市】为测定某工厂排放的污水中苯酚的含量，进行如下实验：取污水试样10.00mL加水稀释至100mL，加入10.0mL一定浓度的KBrO3和KBr的混合溶液，立即加入5mL盐酸，摇匀后加入1gKI固体（足量），再摇匀，放置5min。用0.01000mol/LNa2S2O3标准溶液滴定至淡黄色，加入1mL淀粉溶液，继续滴定至蓝色刚好褪去，用去Na2S2O3标准溶液14.46mL。同时以水代替污水试样做对比实验，用去Na2S2O3标准溶液38.46 mL。
⑴已知上述实验中发生的反应有：
KBrO3+5KBr+6HCl=3Br2+3H2O+6KCl 2Na2S2O3+I2
Na2S4O6+2NaI
请写出实验中还涉及的另两个反应的化学方程式： 、 。
⑵试计算此污水中苯酚的含量（以mg/L表示，苯酚的相对分子质量为94.00）。
有机化学最后一搏
一 有机推断的解题模式、方法和思路
有机推断题属于综合应用各类官能团性质、相互转化关系的知识，结合计算并在新情景下加以迁移的能力题。只有在熟练掌握各类有机物及相互衍变关系的基础上，结合具体的实验现象和数据，再综合分析，才能作出正确、合理的推断。
1 有机推断题的解答思维模式：
2 解答有机推断题的常用的解题方法：
①顺推法：以有机物的结构、性质和实验现象为主线，采用正向思维，得出正确结论。
②逆推法：以有机物结构、性质和实验现象为主线，采用逆向思维，得出正确结论
③夹击法：从反应物和生成物同时出发，以有机物的结构、性质为主线，推出中间过渡产物，从而解决问题并得出正确结论。
④分层推理法：依据题意，分层推理，综合结果，得出正确推论。
3 有机推断题的解题思路：
解题的关键是确定突破口。常见的突破口的确定如下：
(1) 由性质推断
①能使溴水褪色的有机物通常含有“―C＝C―”、“―C≡C―”等。
②能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色的有机物通常含有“―C＝C―”或“―C≡C―”、“―CHO”或为“苯的同系物”。
③能发生加成反应的有机物通常含有“―C＝C―”、“―C≡C―”、“―CHO”或“苯环”，其中“―CHO”和“苯环”只能与H2发生加成反应。
④能发生银镜反应或能与新制的Cu(OH)2悬浊液反应的有机物必含有“―CHO”。
⑤能与钠反应放出H2的有机物必含有“―OH”。
⑥能与Na2CO3或NaHCO3溶液反应放出CO2或使石蕊试液变红的有机物中必含有-COOH。
⑦能发生消去反应的有机物为醇或卤代烃。
⑧能发生水解反应的有机物为卤代烃、酯、糖或蛋白质。
⑨遇FeCl3溶液显紫色的有机物必含有酚羟基。
⑩能发生连续氧化的有机物是有“―CH2OH”的醇。比如有机物A能发生如下氧化反应：A→B→C，则A应是具有“―CH2OH”的醇，B就是醛，C应是酸。
（2）由反应条件推断
①当反应条件为NaOH醇溶液并加热时，必定为卤代烃的消去反应。
②当反应条件为NaOH水溶液并加热时，通常为卤代烃或酯的水解。
③当反应条件为浓H2SO4并加热时，通常为醇脱水生成醚或不饱化合物，或者是醇与酸的酯化反应。
④当反应条件为稀酸并加热时，通常为酯或淀粉（糖）的水解反应。
⑤当反应条件为催化剂（铜或银）并有氧气时，通常是醇氧化为醛或醛氧化为酸。
⑥当反应条件为催化剂存在下的加氢反应时，通常为碳碳双键 、碳碳叁键、苯环或醛基的加成反应。
⑦当反应条件为光照且与X2反应时，通常是X2与烷或苯环侧链烃基上的H原子发生的取代反应，而当反应条件为催化剂存在且与X2的反应时，通常为苯环上的H原子直接被取代。
（3）由反应数据推断
①根据与H2加成时所消耗H2的物质的量进行突破：1mol―C＝C―加成时需1molH2，1mol―C≡C―完全加成时需2molH2，1mol―CHO加成时需1molH2，而1mol苯环加成时需3molH2。
②1mol―CHO完全反应时生成2molAg↓或1molCu2O↓。
③2mol―OH或2mol―COOH与活泼金属反应放出1molH2。
④1mol―COOH（足量）与碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠溶液反应放出1molCO2↑。
⑤1mol一元醇与足量乙酸反应生成1mol酯时，其相对分子质量将增加42，1mol二元醇与足量乙酸反应生成酯时，其相对分子质量将增加84。
⑥1mol某酯A发生水解反应生成B和乙酸时，若A与B的相对分子质量相差42，则生成1mol乙酸，若A与B的相对分子质量相差84时，则生成2mol乙酸。
（4）由物质结构推断
①具有4原子共线的可能含碳碳叁键。
②具有3原子共面的可能含醛基。
③具有6原子共面的可能含碳碳双键。
④具有12原子共面的应含有苯环。
（5）由物理性质推断
在通常状况下为气态的烃，其碳原子数均小于或等于4，而烃的衍生物中只有CH3Cl、CH2＝CHCl、HCHO在通常情况下是气态。
此外还有：结合断键机理和逆向推理思维分析残基结构、分子式结合不饱和度为突破口。
二 确定有机物同分异构体的数目和结构的方法主要有：
①对称法（根据有机物的结构找出有机物的对称关系，然后确定有机物的同分异构体的数目，主要包括轴对称、点对称和面对称）
②等效法（利用等效面和等效点的一种方法）
③定一议二法（当取代基的数目较多时固定某些取代基的位置而改变其他取代基位置的一种方法）
④插空法（主要是根据题目的条件从中提出含两个共价键的原子或原子团，然后确定剩余部分的结构，最后再将提出的原子或原子团插入到碳碳单键或碳氧单键之间的一种方法）。
注意：有机物同分异构体数目和结构确定的过程中应注意思维的有序性。
练习
【 】1、【2008模拟・南京市】.下列操作或仪器的选用正确的是 C
【 】2、下列实验能达到预期目的是
序号
实验内容
实验目的
A
向甲酸和甲醛的混合物中加入氢氧化钠溶液，中和甲酸后，加入新制的氢氧化铜加热
检验混合物中是否含有甲醛
B
向米汤中加入含碘的食盐，观察是否有颜色的变化
检验含碘食盐中是否含碘酸钾
C
向红砖粉末中加入盐酸，充分反应后，取上层清液于试管中，滴加硫氰化钾溶液，观察溶液颜色的变化
检验红砖中是否含有Fe3+
D
向淀粉溶液中加入稀硫酸加热后，再做银镜反应实验
检验淀粉是否水解
3、【2008模拟・福州市】水杨酸是重要的精细化工原料，它的结构简式如右图.水杨酸的芳香族同分异构体
A.可能含有两个醛基
B.可能含有三个羟基
C.都能溶于氢氧化钠溶液
D.分子式都是C7H7O3
4、【2008模拟・南通市】北京奥运火炬的外壳主要采用高品质的铝合金材料制造，燃烧系统内装环保型燃料――丙烷。下列有关说法中正确的是
A．丙烷的沸点比丁烷的沸点高
B．丙烷燃烧时的耗氧量比等体积的其他烷烃少
C．燃料燃烧时主要是将热能转化为光能
D．铝合金制作的火炬质量轻、不易腐蚀
【 】5、【2008模拟・南京市】香柠檬油可用于化妆品。香柠檬油含微量的香柠檬酚和香柠檬醚，其结构如右图。下列说法正确的是
A.香柠檬醚的分子式为C13H6O4
B.1mol香柠檬酚最多可与2molBr2发生反应
C.香柠檬酚通过取代反应可转化成香柠檬醚
D.1mol香柠檬酚在NaOH溶液中水解时能消耗2molNaOH
【 】6、【2008模拟・石景山区】中国国家主席胡锦涛在中非合作论坛北京峰会上承诺：“提供3亿元人民币无偿援款帮助非洲防治疟疾，用于提供青蒿素药品及设立30个抗疟中心”。中国研制成功的全球唯一的治疗疟疾特效药――青蒿素，是数亿外国人眼中的“中国神药”，结构如图所示。目前售价每克225美元，世界年产量15吨，是需求量的十分之一，供不应求。下列关于青蒿素的说法正确的是【D】
A. 是一种烃 B．属于高分子化合物
C．属于芳香族化合物 D．分子式是C15H22O5
【 】7、【2008模拟・福州市】右下图是一燃料电池化学原理示意图，该燃料电池总反应化学方程式为：
2CH3OH＋3O2＋4KOH
2K2CO3＋6H2O以下判断不合理的是
A.电极A为电池负极
B.电极B表面上发生还原反应
C.溶液pH保持不变
D.燃料电池工作时不会出现火焰
【 】8、【2008模拟・苏州市】醋酸钡晶体[(CH3COO)2Ba・H2O]是一种媒染剂，下列有关0.1mol・L－1醋酸钡溶液中粒子浓度的比较中错误的是
A．c(Ba2+)＞c(CH3COO－)＞c(OH－)＞c(H+)
B．c(H+)＋
C．c(H+)＝c(OH－)－c(CH3COOH)
D．
山东省实验中学2006级第一次诊断性测试
英 语 试 题 （2008，11）
本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分．共150分，考试时间120分钟．
第I卷（共105分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共五小题；每小题1.5，满分7.5分）
请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、 B、 C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A. They are strangers. B. They are both visitors. C. They are mother and daughter.
2. Why does the woman hate sea journeys?
A. Because she prefers flying. B. Because she gets seasick. C. Because she is a sailor.
3. Where is the man?
A.
At a post office. B.
At a bookstore. C.
In
4. What’s probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Father and daughter.
5. Will Max stay for dinner?
A. Yes, though he is not hungry.
B. No, he will go home.
C. He will stay because he is hungry.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5）
请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
请听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. What’s Irene doing now?
A. Shopping on the web. B. Chatting on the phone. C. Playing on the computer.
7. What does the man suggest?
A. Check the e-mail. B. Do some shopping. C. Go and get Irene.
请听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What subject does the man like at school?
A. Arts. B. Computer studies. C. Science.
9. Why does the man like this subject?
A. He can surf the internet and know a lot.
B. He can do many experiments.
C. He can learn to fix machines.
10. Why do most girls like arts?
A. Because arts are easy. B. Because they are romantic. C. Because arts and machines never mix.,
请听第8段材料， 回答第11至13题
11. What is the man’s son?
A. A college student. B. A shop assistant. C. A sheep farmer.
12. Which of the following is TRUE about Danny?
A. He won’t change his job B. He is married. C. He has got a lot of money.
13. What can we learn about the woman?
A. She has two children. B. she has one child. C. She has two sons and a daughter.
请听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At home. B. At school. C. In a hospital.
15. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Brother and sister. B. Classmates. C. Teacher and student.
16. What will the man buy for the woman?
A. Some apples. B. Some bananas. C. Nothing.
17. What does the man promise to do?
A. He will help the woman with the test.,
B. He will help the woman with the lessons she has missed.
C. He will help the woman with her homework.
请听第10段材料， 回答第18至20题。
18. What did Bill decide to do?
A. To throw away his shoes. B. To burn his shirts. C. To clear away the rubbish.
19. How did they come back home?
A. The wind blew them home.
B. They walked home themselves.
C. His dog took them home.
20. What can we learn from the speech?
A. Bill’s bad luck. B. Bill’s honest dog. C. Bill’s unlucky shirts.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. Liu Xiao-lei, ______athlete who got a gold medal in ______ 28th Paral-Olympic Games, graduated from our school in 2003.
A. the; the B. an; the C. the; / D. the; /
22. As a matter of fact, most shoplifters _______by constantly looking around for cameras.
A. give themselves away B. show themselves away
C. put themselves away D. bring themselves away
23. ---May I try the jacket on?
----______ , but I think it will be too small for you.
A. As you like B. By all means C. As a result D. Believe it or not
24. Careful! There is a nail ______of the chair.
A. sticking out B. putting out C. standing out D. giving out
25. Keep on practicing. You will play the piano _______ , if not better than, Lang Lang.
A. so good B. so well C. so well as D. as well as
26. A terrible earthquake struck in Wenchuan , Sichuan Province on May 12th，this year., _____more than 60,000 deaths.
A. caused B. having caused C. to have caused D. causing
27. ---Monitor?
--- I’m not monitor of our class. I _______ with the teacher until the monitor is elected.
A. will just help B. am just to help C. am just helping D. have just helped
28. There were so many people watching the relay of the Olympic Torch that we got ______ in the crowd.
A. lost B. to be lost C. to separate D. separated
29. Go and get your story book; it is _______ you left it in my study.
A. where B. where there C. there where D. there
30. He was upset, for at that time, it was ______ him why his parents got divorced.
A. over B. beyond C. beneath D. around
31. It was only several days ______ he realized the truth that he had been affected with AIDS.
A. until B. since C. before D. as
32. He went to
A. since then B. from then on C. since when D. from when
33. It was not what he said but the way he said it ______ made a great difference to me at last..
A. what B. that C. before D. when
34. He was very ______, which is his only shortcoming.
A. precise B. passionate C. determined D. stubborn
35. They offered ______ prices for her paintings, which made her parents and teachers surprises but happy.
A. unbelievable B. acceptable C. agreeable D. sociable
第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Recently, one of my best friends, whom I've shared just about everything with since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago, we've both always ___36___ the few times a year when we can see each other.
Over the ___37___, we spent hours and hours, staying up late into the night, talking about the people she was ___38___ around with. She started telling me stories about her new boyfriend, about how he experimented with ___39___ and was into other ___40___ behavior. I was blown away! She told me how she had been ___41___ to her parents about where she was going and even sneaking out to see this guy because they didn't want her ___42___ him. No matter how hard I tried to tell her that she ___43___ better, she didn't believe me. Her self-respect seemed to have disappeared.
I tried to ___44___ her that she was ruining her future and heading for big trouble. I felt like I was getting ___45___. I just couldn't believe that she really thought it was ___46___ to hang with a bunch of losers, especially her boyfriend.
By the time she left, I was really worried about her and ___47___ by the experience. It had been so frustrating, I had come ___48___ to telling her several times during the weekend that maybe we had just grown too far apart to ___49___ our friendship - but I didn't. I put the power of ___50___ to the ultimate test. We'd been friends for far too long. The chance was that she ___51___ me enough to know that I was trying to save her from hurting herself. I wanted to believe that our friendship could ___52___ anything.
A few days later, she called to say that she had thought long and hard about our ___53___, and then she told me that she had ___54___ with her boyfriend. I just listened on the other end of the phone with tears of joy running down my face. It was one of the truly ___55___ moments in my life. Never had I been so proud of a friend.
36. A. worried about B. looked forward to C. paid attention to D. think of
37. A. weekend B. months C. years D. days
38. A. working B. falling in love C. hanging D. keeping in touch
39. A. books B. girls C. friends D. drugs
40. A. self-destructive B. self-respecting C. self-confident D. self-defensive
41. A. explaining B. reasoning C. declaring D. lying
42. A. on B. beside C. around D. to
43. A. did B. deserved C. had D. got
44. A. told B. convince C. force D. warn
45. A. somewhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. anywhere
46. A. acceptable B. believable C. reliable D. admirable
47. A. exhausted B. surprised C. satisfied D. terrified
48. A. almost B. nearly C. close D. over
49. A. stop B. continue C. start D. make
50. A. love B. friendship C. truth D. justice
51. A. thought B. remembered C. valued D. hated
52. A. mean B. conquer C. tell D. prove
53. A. friendship B. relationship C. quarrel D. conversation
54. A. broke away B. broke down C. broke up D. broke out
55. A. demanding B. challenging C. frustrating D. rewarding
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
I am an
elementary school teacher. I think homework should be done by the child and it
should take only about a half an hour. Parents should write a note if they had
to help a lot, this tells the teacher that the day’s lesson needs more review.
Some things are more easily learned if they are practiced at home. Students
should develop independence and organization. I send home fairly simple
homework because I do not wish to see how creative mom, dad, the neighbors and
grandma are with large projects... what is this teaching the child?
Many readers are noticing the alarming trend to test, test, test. These new tests are not like the ones we remember. They are really difficult and abstract. Besides the usual math problems, third and fourth grade tests now ask about probability, tessellations and flips, slides, turns. Some teachers have had to increase the pace of their instruction to cover all the topics that will appear on the tests, thus, they send home homework that kids may not fully understand or send more homework home so they can, they hope, cover more content faster. It’s not a good idea, but the trend of testing has driven teachers to push, push, push. Parents should be concerned about the testing that is such an important issue. I would advice parents to talk to the teacher if they find the homework too hard. Is the child not getting work done at school, or is it simply too much? Some teachers will change the amount of work. And yes, I have been on the other side of the blackboard and had to make my son and daughter do their homework. I was a stickler for not doing it for them.
56. The passage might be an opinion posted on the internet under the title _________.
A. How Should Homework Done Independently by Students
B. Should Parents Contribute to Kids’ Homework
C. Should You Say No to Homework
D. How Should Test Papers Be Written
57. According to the writer, __________.
A. reasonable amount of easy homework is necessary
B. neighbors are not creative and independent enough
C. homework is good to children and teachers
D. parents are placed too much burden by teachers
58. The tests referred to by the author ________.
A. are questioned about the possibilities to solve the math problems
B. catch up with the increasing number of topics
C. are the result of teachers’ pushing
D. include much more demanding problems
59. Which of the following would the author most likely agree?
A. It is advisable for parents to pay enough attention to their kids’ lessons.
B. It is a good idea for teachers to send some difficult assignments home.
C. It is encouraging for parents to help with their children’s homework.
D. It’s practical for parents to leave their children’s homework with the teachers
B
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support money aid, material resources, and needed services - that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
60. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can ________
A. make people live more easily B. smooth away daily problems
C. deal with life changes D. cure types of illnesses
61. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______
A. lies in the social medical care systems which support them
B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes
62. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "cushions"?
A. takes place of B. makes up of C. lessens the effect of D. gets rid of
63. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of ________
A. instrumental support B. informational support
C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect
64. What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Kinds of social support.
C
"I've changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope, but now I want my daddy back." Lucien Lawrence' s letter to Father Christmas written after his schoolteacher father had been knifed to death outside his school gate, must have touched every heart. Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn't see the stars in the sky. When those whom we love depart from us, we cannot see the stars for a while.
But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father is there too, in your mind and in your heart. I find that my parents, long dead now, still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I' m still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so pleased with myself, that I couldn't wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all Mother said was "I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children!" I haven' t forgotten. The values of my parents still live on.
It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence have been to face the aggressors (挑衅者)，and to lay down my life for those in my care? How many people would want me back for Christmas? It's a serious thought, one to give me pause.
I pray silently, sometimes, in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet "Deliver my soul from the sword (剑), and my darling from the power of the dog." Yet I know the death comes to us all, and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan to live forever, but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, I'm sure, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knives on our streets today.
65. According to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph _________.
A. puts forward the subject of the text B. shows the author's pity on the kid
C. acts as an introduction to the discussion D. makes a clear statement of the author's views
66. In the second paragraph the author mainly wants to explain to us _________.
A. how much he misses his parents now B. why his parents often appear in his dream
C. when Lucien will get over all his sadness D. how proud he was when he succeeded in life
67. What feeling did the author's mother express in her reply?
A. Proud. B. Happy. C. Disappointed. D. Worried
68. In the author's opinion, the value of a person's life is ________.
A. to leave behind a precious memory to the people related
B. to have a high sense of duty to the whole society
C. to care what others will remember and treasure
D. to share happiness and sadness with his family
69. What does the writer mean by the sentence taken from an old poem?
A. Call on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns.
B. Advise parents stay with their children safely at home.
C. Spend every day meaningfully in memory of the death.
D. Try to keep violence and murder far away from society.
D
Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is， attending school at night or for one weekend a month， tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however， perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning.
Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals, which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study many be set aside at the student’s convenience with due regard to all life’s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world， while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail， telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test.
Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalence of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance-learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.
70. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part-time education？
A. It requires some break in one‘s career.
B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.
C. It affects one‘s career.
D. It gives the student less time to share with the family.
71. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning？
A. The students may choose his or her own pace.
B. The students may study at any time to his or her convenience.
C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying.
D. Their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail， telephone， facsimile machine， etc.
72. What benefit will distance-learning program bring to a business？
A. Recruitment of more talented people. B. Good image of the business.
C. Better cooperation with universities. D. Further training of employees and business growth.
73. What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business？
A. Professional growth. B. Good relationship with the employer.
C. Good impression on the employer. D. Higher salary.
74. What does the underline3d word “precludes” in the second paragraph mean?
A. makes…easier B. makes… impossible C. makes … necessary D. makes…important
75. Which is not the characteristic of distance learning？
A. It includes a subject evaluation tool with every subject.
B. Its course uses the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus.
C. A distance-learning program has a place only for students.
D. The relationship of the professor/student is characterized by individuality.
第II卷（共45分）
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：阅读表达（共5 小题；每小题3分，满分15 分）
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
A new study has found that a fat cell gene may reduce the risk of colon cancer in some people. The study provides what scientists say is the first evidence of a genetic link between a fat cell gene and colon cancer. The research could lead to better tests for the disease as well as measures to help prevent it.
Current evidence suggests a relationship between obesity, insulin resistance and colon cancer risk. The scientists say what they have found now is an area of a gene that is connected with the cancer risk. They say this area is most likely not the cause of the disease, but they think it is where the connection comes from.
The gene is involved in the formation of a hormone called adiponectin. Some people have higher levels of this hormone in their blood, ________________. Higher levels have been linked with lower rates of obesity and insulin resistance. And lower levels have been linked with higher rates.
The Journal of
the American Medical Association published the new findings last week. Boris
Pasche from the
The research
involved two studies with a total of about one thousand five hundred people.
The larger of the two studies involved New Yorkers of Ashkenazi Jewish
ancestry.
Currently, in
the
A study last month in the New England Journal of Medicine expressed support for a test called a virtual colonoscopy. It uses X-ray and computer technology to search for growths, but cannot remove them. There are still some questions about the effectiveness of a virtual colonoscopy compared to a traditional one. But doctors hope it might appeal to people who would otherwise not be tested at all.
76. What is the best title of the passage? （Within 10 words）
_________________________________________.
77. Fill in the blank with proper words. (Within 7 words)
___________________________________________
78. Which sentence in the passage can replace the following one?
If it is diagnosed early, the disease is most likely to be cured.
____________________________________________________________________________
79. Do you think the new research is practical and useful ? Why? (Within 30 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
80. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph.
____________________________________________________________________________
第二节：写作（满分30分）
假设你是实验中学某班的学生张华，实验中学活动志愿者之一，请根据下列要点用英语给一名外地校友李明写信，介绍实验中学60年的发展情况，并邀请他来参加校庆活动。(字数120左右)
1、实验中学不断发展壮大，已成为全省乃至全国名校。两个校区现有教职工近500人，108个教学班,在校学生5400余人，每年有很多教师获得各种荣誉称号，很多同学在各种竞赛中获奖。
2、国庆期间，有很多庆祝活动，2008年10月2号，在珍珠泉礼堂举行校庆演出，将有很多校友参加。十月三号，四号期间校友可回校参观，师生欢聚。
3、欢迎他回来，如果他回来，可事先打电话86016772或发邮件shiyanxiaoqing@163.com。
Dear LI Ming,
As a student studying in
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All best wishes to you
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山东省实验中学2006级第一次诊断性测试
状元谈理综学习方法：学会编织知识网
2007年内蒙古理科状元 高鹏
?1.关于物理?物理和数学这两门学科都是一个整体，知识间充满了各种各样的联系。一个喜欢思考的人才会发现其中的精彩！?物理需要逻辑思维，而所谓的逻辑思维就体现在知识间的联系上。举物理中的力学为例：力学知识是一个哑铃，它由两方面大的概念组成――力和运动。力本身有不同的种类，如……也有不同的描述方法，如……它们共同回答了一个大的问题：什么是力。同样，运动也有不同的形式及特点，有各自所需描述量，如圆周运动中的周期和频率，路程和位移，线速度和角速度等等；它们又共同回答了另一个问题：什么是运动。而连接这两个大问题的杠杆正是力学研究的核心问题“力对运动的影响”。这个问题的答案是三个字，叫“加速度”。这一点又体现在三个大的内容上：牛顿运动定律、能量以及动量。许多练习册上会说解决力学问题有三大方法：牛顿运动定律法、能量法和动量法。为什么？其实正是源于此处。而在此之上，你还会发现，之后要学的物理知识中，有关重力的是从万有引力的角度对以上问题作了具体的解释，电磁学则是从电磁力的角度对以上问题作了具体的解释。这样，你对最重要的物理知识已经有了一个很高的认识。由此，你对知识的理解会达到另一个深度！?这仅仅是一个例子。在平时的学习中，不需要想得这么深。但一些简单的联系还是有必要去思考的，就像数学中的函数部分，你可以简单地把各种函数做一下整理。你甚至可以画一张表格，使其更加直观。这样做，会很快地提高你的思维能力。?另外，学习物理还需要多做习题，一定要安排足够多的时间来做练习，这一点对于成绩的提高非常有必要。
?2.关于化学?首先，每一个知识点的学习都要准确到位。在初次接触新内容时，例如一种新的物质，要一次性确切地掌握其性质：它的状态是晶体还是粉末，颜色是黄还是绿，实验的现象是形成烟还是形成雾等等。常常一个字眼的差错会使你犯科学性的错误。这方面一般不会引起人们的重视，我在此给各位作一个提醒。?其次，要注意把握主干的知识。有的学生在一本练习册上看到一些从没有见过的内容，就会四处问个不停，甚至还想向人卖弄。这些都没用。你要掌握的是最基本的知识原理。例如二氧化硫的性质，检验它最常用的就是品红溶液，其他方法都不典型；而吸收它需要酸性高锰酸钾溶液，这也是重要的知识点，但有人偏偏问氢氧化钠为什么不行，这毫无意义。实验题中吸收完之后二氧化硫总是要再通过一次品红溶液，目的是检验吸收是否完全。这里同样是常见的考点，都要把握。做好这一点一定要回归课本。课本是所有知识的依据，在高三你们必须重视它。
例如在有机化学当中，溴单质参与很多种反应；但每种反应中溴的形式是不同的。和链烃的取代反应需要溴蒸汽，加成反应需要溴的四氯化碳溶液，和苯发生取代反应要用液态溴单质，而和苯酚反应要用浓的溴水。这些在课本中是很明确的。化学考试中，任何题目中基本都要遵循课本。所以如果对课本研究到位的话，做题只要一看它是什么形式，要发生什么反应就已经很明白了。这些就是所谓的考点，也是学习的主干。所以，大家在复习时学会去分析哪些知识更加重要，不要被无足轻重的信息遮挡你的双眼，要保持清醒。?最后，在解题时要做到表述尽量准确。例如实验中检验某种物质反应是否完全，简述该步骤时你就要严格地将取液、加试剂、实验现象和结论等这些过程完整地回答出来。再比如写电子式、方程式（化学方程式、离子方程式还是热化学方程式）、写物质的名称还是符号等等，都要做到准确。在这一点上，审题特别重要。我在做化学题时，总是不断提醒自己要看清题干。学生常常发现本来会做的题目却因为没有审题而犯了错误，结果悔之不及。这就是准确的问题。?
我没有举生物的例子。生物需要记忆的东西很多，但也需要你有深刻的理解。总的方法我觉得和化学相近。我想单独强调的是，要重视生物里的实验。特别是课本上的实验原理和操作。高考中的实验有很多源自课本，像2005年“检验气孔开闭”的实验，其原理就是质壁分离实验的原理。我在高考前一个月里把所有课本上的实验完整地看了一遍。虽然高考中并没有考出来，但是我对实验的理解有很大的提高。我想大家可以借鉴。?
