《2025年同步练习册山东人民出版社高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版》

B
“We thought dogs would behave like children under age 5, but now we guess that perhaps dogs can understand when someone is dishonest,” says Huber at the University of Vienna in Austria. “Maybe they think, ‘This person has the same knowledge as me, but is giving me the wrong information.’ It’s possible that they see this as lying.”
Once that trust was established, the team had the dogs see another person move the food from the first to the second bowl. The communicators（交流者）were either in the room, and also saw the switch（转移）, or were briefly absent and so apparently unaware that the food had been switched. In either case, the communicators would later recommend the first bowl, which was now empty.
In previous versions of this experiment with children under age 5, the participants reacted in particular ways. They would typically ignore the communicator who gave honest but misleading advice on where the food was. However, if the communicator had been in the room and seen the switch, but still recommended the first (now empty) bowl, young children were actually much more likely to follow the communicator’s knowingly misleading suggestion.
This may be because the children trusted the communicator despite the evidence of their own eyes, says Huber.
The dogs in the new experiment, however, weren’t so trusting of lying communicators, much to the researchers’ surprise, says Huber. Half of the dogs would follow the communicator’s misleading advice if the communicator hadn’t seen the food switch. But only one-third of dogs followed the communicator who had seen the food switch and still recommended the now-empty bowl. These dogs simply went to the bowl filled with food instead. “They did not rely on the communicator anymore,” says Huber.
5. What do Huber’s words in Paragraph 1 show?
A. Dogs won’t believe people any longer.
B. We can train dogs to act like children.
C. Dogs are a lot cleverer than we thought.
D. Humans often treat dogs as friends.
6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The communicator’s suggestion.
B. The dogs’ reaction in the experiment.
C. The communicator’s purpose.
D. The children’s reaction in the experiment.
7. Who would the dogs more likely trust according to the last paragraph?
A. The one who didn’t see the food switch.
B. The one who moved the food.
C. The one who recommended the wrong bowl.
D. The one who saw the food switch.
8. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. Dogs are cleverer than children under age 5.
B. Dogs can sometimes tell when people are lying.
C. We can train dogs to find food in different ways.
D. We should be honest like dogs.

答案： 5.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘We thought dogs
would behave like children under age 5,but now we
guess that perhaps dogs can understand when someone is
dishonest,’says Huber at the University of Vienna in
Austria.”可知，Huber他们原以为狗的行为会像5岁以下的
孩子一样，但是现在Huber猜测也许当某个人不诚实
时，狗会知道。由此可推知，Huber的话表明狗比我
们所认为的要聪明得多。故选C。
6.D 段落大意题。根据第三段第一句“In previous
versions of this experiment with children under age 5,
the participants reacted in particular ways.”可知，本段主
要介绍5岁以下小孩在类似实验中的反应。故选D。
7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Half of the dogs
would follow the communicator’s misleading advice if
the communicator hadn’t seen the food switch.But only
one-third of dogs followed the communicator who had
seen the food switch and still recommended the now-
empty bowl.”可知，如果交流者没有看到食物的转移，一
半的狗会听从交流者误导性的建议，而只有三分之一的
狗会听从那些看到食物被转移的人。由此可知，当食物
被转移后，狗更可能会信任那些没有看到食物被转移的
人。故选A。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘We thought dogs
would behave like children under age 5,but now we
guess that perhaps dogs can understand when someone is
dishonest’”以及最后一段中的“The dogs in the new
experiment,however,weren’t so trusting of lying
communicators,much to the researchers’ surprise,says
Huber.”可知，本文主要介绍了当人在撒谎时，狗能够识
别出来。故选B。