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高三英语基础知识复习（下）
词汇复习指要
马燕 胡小力 范存智
词汇是语言的建筑材料，这种材料的好坏直接关系到“建筑质量”问题。没有词汇，也就没有听说读写。词汇是用以表达概念的，离开词汇就无法表达概念；词汇不丰富，也必然会影响思想交流。英语单词不仅有它的本义、转义和寓意，用法上还有其复杂的搭配关系。我们要学好外语，要把自己的语言建构成高质量的语言，首先要过好词汇关。
根据语言学家的估计和统计，英语词汇虽然在50万以上，然而大部分不是常用词汇。一般性的口语和书面语常用词汇只有3000~5000。掌握3000个词就可以完成用英语进行的交际任务的90%。而如果掌握5000个英语词，就可以完成95%以上的交际任务，例如：阅读一般性的英文原著。常用词一可当十，而且在口语和书面语中重复率高，搭配范围广，所以既容易记忆，也容易学会使用。同时常用词中包括大部分英语词根，这些词大都派生性很强，一个词通过加前缀和后缀，可以构成许多其他的词。从这些方面看，学习英语词汇要以常用词为主，是提高学习效率的重要途径之一。
根据2000年考试大纲，高考英语要求掌握2000词汇（见高考英语说明词汇表），基本上是常用词汇，这2000词汇中通过一词多义以及构词法还能够派生出更多的词。高三的考生对教材中出现的超纲词汇，要根据自己的实力进行认读理解记忆。2000词汇的记忆是考生感到比较困难的，因为词汇量比较大，不知如何复习，不少考生就放弃了词汇复习，导致高考成绩很难有大的提高。由于词汇量有限，阅读和写作能力都会受到影响，例如以下两篇考生的作文，由于词汇使用的能力不同，表达能力也显然不同。
低分作文：
Dear Helen,
I’ve read your advertisement in a magazine. I want to be pen-friends with you.
My name is Wang Lin. I am living in a tradition Chinese family. My father is a bus-driver. My mother is a worker, and my sister is a nurse. They are working hard.
Now I’m studying in the Shanghai School. My school is very beautiful. I also learned a lot of in this school. So, I also like play tennis.
I am waiting for your answer.
Yours,
Wang Lin
高分作用：
Dear Helen,
I am writing this letter in response to your advertisement.
I am a girl of the same age with you. And I come from a happy and warm family, which includes my father, my mother, my sister and me. I am studying in a high school far from my hometown, but I never regretted for my own choice, for the life here is very colorful and challenging. I am interested in stamp collection and I have colleted more than three thousand stamps. I also like swimming, playing tennis and some other sports.
I wish that one day we could be good friends.
Yours Truly,
Wang Lin
高三考生要重视词汇的梳理，词汇的复习不能简单地理解成只是简单的记忆
英语单词的中文意思（这是高考词汇复习的误区）。高考词汇的复习应该着眼于对词汇进行更高层次地梳理，例如进行分级、分类处理，有利于进行有重点性地进行记忆理解。并且要加大词汇灵活运用能力的训练，例如一词多义、搭配、转义的复习，例如以下句中 gift在不同语境中，表达的意思就不同：
1. Her mother bought a CD for Mary’s birthday gift (=present).
2. He has a gift for learning math. (=talent)
3. The last question in my exam paper was a gift. (=very easy)
所有学所生要通过词汇的复习开发记忆的能力、提高记忆的技巧、掌握记忆的方法。
高考词汇复习方法：
2009年汕头市濠江区高中阶段学校招生与初中毕业生学业模拟考试
物理科试卷
说明：1．本卷共23小题，满分120分，考试时间80分钟。
2．必须使用黑色或蓝色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，不准使用铅笔、红笔和涂改液。
棠外高2009届理科综合训练试题（八）
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分300分，考试时间150分钟。
第I卷（选择题 共126分）
注意事项：
1.答I卷前，请将自己的学号、班级、姓名填写在答卷上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案涂黑，不能答在试题上。
3.考试结束，请按要求分科整理好答卷，监考老师只收第II卷。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Cu 64
----复合句
范存智 马燕 胡小力
复习重点 关联词的灵活运用
3）错误：：Tell me what is your name.
正确：What he said just now made me sad. （宾语）
其他主语从句示例：
2) My proposal that every one in our unit should donate at least five books to those who study in rural places can be discussed before it is realized.
宾语从句
6）Do you know why he hasn’t turned up?
以上例句中that没有其任何语法作用，也没有任何意思;而what, why ,where 分别作从句的主语、状语。
注意：
3） I am interested in how you did the experiment.
非限定定语从句：
The pretty girl is just the person that I am after.
状语从句重点要掌握unless, although, before, until, in case等连词的使用（高考热点）。例如06年高考试题：
1. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ___ I have to wait. (Nat.3-9)
A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if
2. It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health. (chq- 21)
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
3. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _____ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Student’s Union. (chq-32 )
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
4. It was some time _____ we realized the truth. (Shd-24)
A. when B. until C. since D. before
5. --Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
--He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a word. (sch35)
A. before B. until C. when D. after
例如：
1）Put the book where it was.这是地点状语从句
2）Put the book in the place where it was.这是定语从句
2．由before 语when 引导的句子在表述上的不同；
3．初中，甚至高中同学都习惯于这样的说法，“主将从现”，意思是，在含有时间状
语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是将来时，时间与条件从句用现在时。这种说法不全面。正确的解释是，主句将来时，时间与条件状语从句用现在的时态，包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时。
1）如果他在睡觉，就别叫醒他
If he is sleeping ,don’t wake him up.
2)晓明，吃过午饭后到我办公室来。
Come to my office, Xiao Ming, after you have had your lunch.
复合句练习：
I．单项填空（1）
1. The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
2. You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
3. Don’t be afraid of asking for help ______ it is needed.
A. unless B. since C. although D. when
4. _____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While
5. ---Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
---Good, and _____ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
6. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
7. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
8. I work in a business ____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that c
9. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ___ I have to wait.
A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if
10. The poor young man is ready to accept ____ help he can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
11. Great changes have taken place in that school. It’s no longer ____ it was twenty years ago, ____ it was poorly equipped.
A. what, when B. that, which C. what, which D. which, that
12. ___ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
13. Do you have any idea _____ is actually going on in the classroom?
A. that B. what C. as D. which
14. ---Is that the small town you often referred to?
---Right, just the one ______ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
15. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____ they are different you’re your own.
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
16. ____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although
17. ___ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
18. We haven’t settled the question of ___ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
19. The Beatles,_____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that C. how D. as
20. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
单项填空（2）
1． ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that _____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
2． Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
3． ---I’m going to the post office.
---_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
4． After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. there C. that D. where
5. John plays football ______, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
6．---Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
---I’d like to, ______, I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
7． ---Do you remember _______ he came?
----Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
8．---What was the party like?
---Wonderful. It’s years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. when C. before D. since
9． I remember ___ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
10．----- I don’t like chicken _____ fish.
-----I don’t like chicken ______ I like fish very much.
A. and ; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and
11． ---How far apart do they live?
---_______ I know, they live in the same neighborhood.
A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as
12． A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity _____ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
13. It is these poisonous products _____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
14． It is pretty well understood ______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
15． I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
16．---Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
---Good, and _____ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
17． There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need _______.
A. that … to be improved B. which … to be improved
C. where … improving D. when…improving
18．A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
19． Parents are taught to understand ____ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
20． ___ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
II．选词填空：根据句意，用适当的连词填空
I) 名词性从句
1. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that _____ you had a few days off?
2. ______ Liu Xiang will join the 2008 Olympic Games is not surprising.
3. _____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
4. ______ we can’t get seems better than _____ we have.
5. A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
6. Parents are taught to understand ____ important education is to their children’s future.
7. I think Father would like to know ___ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to sent him a quick note.
8. Please remind me ____ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
II）形容词性从句
1. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
2. We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer.
3. York, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
4. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.
5. We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
6. I was given three books on cooking, the first of ___ I really enjoyed.
7. In an hour, we can travel to places ___ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
8. Her sister has become a lawyer, _____ she wanted to be.
III）副词性从句
1. It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.
2. ---Did Jack come back early last night?
---Yes. It was not yet 8 o’clock ____ he arrived home.
3. If we work with strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ______ great it is.
4. ---What was the party like?
---Wonderful. It’s years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.
5. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse.
6. Roses need special care _____ they can live through winter.
7. He transplanted the little tree to the garden _____ it was the best time for it.
8. Please take an umbrella ________ it rains.
III．短文改错
Though a young man starts to earn his own living, he 1_______
can no longer expect others to pay for all what he needs, 2
but he has to work till he wants to live comfortably. 3
Because he spends most of his time playing about in the 4
way in that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. 5
And if he breaks the laws of society that he used to 6
break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. 7
As he works hard, and has good health, he can make 8
steady progress in his job before he becomes great success. 9
This is the advice what is given to all young people. 10
IV. 完形填空（1）二选一：
I was 9 years old 1 _I found out that my father was ill. It was 1994, but I can remember my mother’s words 2 _it were yesterday: “Kerrel, I don’t want you to take food from your father, 3__he has AIDS. Be very careful 4 _ you are around him.”
AIDS wasn’t something 5__ we talked about in my country 6 _ I was growing up. From then on, I knew 7 _ this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore, and my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But 8_ I was 12, his condition worsened. My father’s other children lived far away, so it fell to me to look after him.
We couldn’t afford all the necessary medication for him, and 9 _Dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn’t even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teacher’s words muffled 10 _ I tried to figure out 11_ I was going to manage.
I did not share my burden with anyone. I had seen how people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates 12 _had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cruel. __13__ my father was moved to the hospital, the nurse would leave his food on the bedside table 14 _ he was too weak to feed himself.
I had known _15 he was going to die, but after so many years of keeping his condition a secret, I was completely unprepared when he reached his final days. Sad and hopeless, I called a woman at the nonprofit National Aids support. That day, she kept me on the phone for hours. I was so lucky to find someone who cared. She saved my life.
I was 15 when my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn’ t want to call attention to AIDS. I do.
1. A. when B. that
2. A. that B. as if
3. A. why B. because
4. A. when B. after
5. A. what B. that
6. A. during B. when
7. A. that B. because
8. A. since B. when
9. A. because B. when
10. A. after B. as
11. A. how B. why
12. A. who B. what
13. A. Because B. When
14. A. because B. even though
15. A. that B. why
完形填空（2）四选一：
Sometimes people come into your life and you come to realize that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out whom you are or who you want to become. You never know 1 these people may be, but when you lock eyes with them, you know in an instant that they will 2 your life in some profound way.
And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first, but 3 you find that without overcoming difficulties you would have never realized your 4 , strength, willpower or heart. Everything Happens for a 5 . Nothing happens 6 or by means of good luck. Illness, injury, love, brilliant achievements, and sheer stupidity all occur to 7 the limit of your soul. Without these small tests, whatever they may be, life would be like a 8 paved, straight, flat road to nowhere. It would be safe and 9 , but dull and utterly pointless.
The people you 10 who affect your life, and the success and downfalls you 11 , help to create who you are and who you become. Even the 12 experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are the most important ones. If someone hurt you or breaks your heart, 13 them, for they have helped you learn about 14 and the importance of being 15 . Make every day count. Appreciate every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it 16 ___. Talk to people that you have never talked to before, and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sights high. Hold your head up because you have every 17 to. Tell yourself you are great and believe in yourself, for 18 you don’t believe in yourself, it will be hard for 19 to believe in you.
You can make of your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it with absolutely no 20 . Most importantly (!!!), if you love someone tell him or her, for you never know what tomorrow may have in store.
1. A. who B. what C. why D. that
2. A. destroy B. affect C. end D. give
3. A. in need B. by turn C. in reflection D. with guidance
4. A. promise B. potential C. belief D. wish
5. A. point B. start C. success D. reason
6. A. in surprise B. on time C. by chance D. with pleasure
7. A. test B. keep C. hold D. send
8. A. shortly B. quickly C. terribly D. smoothly
9. A. heavy B. colorful C. satisfying D. comfortable
10. A. think B like C. meet D. miss
11. A. achieve B. experience C. overcome D. suffer
12. A. bad B. rich C. personal D. pleasant
13. A. forget B. forgive C. remember D. love
14. A. clever B. value C. life D. trust
15. A. helpful B. smart C. careful D. serious
16. A too B. then C. before D. again
17. A. day B. way C. right D. hand
18. A. if B. unless C. as D. until
19. A. the others B. some other C. another D. others
20. A. pains B. regrets C. fair D. stress
