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1. It + be + 时间 + since-clause
这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为“自从......以来已多久了”，主句多用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时，或主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：
It is three years since his father passed away . (从现在算起)
It was 10 years since they married . (从过去算起)
It had been fifteen years since she left Shanghai . (从过去算起)
30 years has passed since we joined the Party . (从现在算起)
2. It + be + 时间 + before-clause
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如：long years , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为“过多长时间才......”。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为“没过多长时间就......”。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be；用was 时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be 时，before从句常用一般现在时。 例如：
It was not long before she learned those poems by heart . 她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。
It was long before the police arrived .过了很久警察才来。
It will be hours before he makes a decision . 要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。
It will not be hours before meet again . 要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。
3. It + be + 时间 + when-clause
这个句型中, it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：
It was already 8 o'clock when we got home .
It was the next morning when we finished our work .
It will be midnight when they get there .
4. It + be + 时间 + that-clause
这个句型是个强调句型。例如：
It was two years ago that he made an important invention .
(原句是：He made an important invention two years ago . )
It was at 5 o'clock that he practised playing the violin in the morning .
(原句是：He practised playing the violin at 5 o'clock in the morning . )
比较：It was 5 o'clock when he started in the morning .
(5 o'clock前没有介词，这是个定语从句)
5. It + be + time + that-clause
这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是 is 或 was ，that从句都须用动词的过去式或should + 动词原型(但不及用过去式普通)，在time之前有时可加上high或about 以加强语气。例如：
It is time(that)we handed in our exercises .(= It is time that we should hand in our exercises .)
It is high time (that ) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend .
6. It / This / That + the first(second , third …) time + that-clause
这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词，主句是 is 时 ，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般过去时was ，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。例如：
This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall .
It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to Africa .
二、It代替从句作形式主语的常见句型
1. it 代替连词 that 引导的从句作形式主语。
1) it + be + 过去分词 + that 从句
It's said that Tom has come back from abroad . 据说汤姆已经从国外回来了。
It was reported that dozens of children died in the accident . 据报导，数十名儿童在事故中死亡。
可用于该句型的过去分词还有：known , thought , told , believed , hoped , announced ,expected , decided , suggested等，该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。如：
It's said that Tom has come back from abroad . →People say that Tom has come back from abroad . →He is said to have come back from abroad .
2) It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句
It's a pity that he can't swim for his age . 真遗憾，就他的年龄来讲，他竟不会游泳。
It's a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time . 真奇怪，你竟能在如此短的时间内完成艰巨的任务。
可用于该句型的名词词组还有：an honour , a good thing , a fact , a surprise , good news等。
3) It + be /seem + 形容词 + that 从句
It is likely that they will beat us tonight .今晚很可能他们会赢我们。
It doesn't seem that she will give us a hand .她帮我们的可能性似乎不太大。
可用于此句型的开容词还有；wonderful , true , good , right , wrong , (un)important ,useless , surprising , clear , possible , unusual , lucky , certain 等。
4) It + seem / appear / happen + that 从句
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much .看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
It appears that Tom might change his mind .看来汤姆会改变主意。
It happened that I went out that day .碰巧我那天外出了。
注意，句型4可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述句子可转换为：
He seems to enjoy pop music very much . / Tom appears to change his mind ./ I happened to go out that day.
2. it 代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语。
1) It is known (not decided , not made clear , found out , discussed , being discussed , being considered , a question , uncertain等) + 连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet . 我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。
It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not . 他能否来开会还不能确定。
2) It doesn't matter(doesn't matter too much , doesn't make too much difference等) + 连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。如：
It doesn't matter whether we go together or separately . 我们一起去还是分开去都可以。
It doesn't matter too much to me what you do or where you go . 你做什么或去什么地方，对我都无关紧要。
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help .
A. he B. which C. she D. it
〖答案与简析〗选D。测试 it 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。又如：
1）― The light in the office is still on.
― Oh , I forgot .
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
2）― Have you heard the news about Tom ?
― No , what ?
A. is it B. it is C. are they D. they are
3）If you don't know the word , why don't you in the dictionary ?
A. look at it B. look after it C. look up it D. look it up
答案1）― 3）CAD。值得注意的是，由动词和副词组成的短语动词用it 作宾语时，it 应置于动词和副词之间。
2. Is necessary to tell his father everything ?
A. it B. that C. what D. he
〖答案与简析〗选A。测试 it 用作形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。又如：
1）Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship ?
A. now B. man C. that D. it
2）Is necessary to complete the design before National Day ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
3）Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
4）It worried a bit her hair was turning grey .
A. while B. that C. if D. for
答案1） ― 4）DDDB。
3. I don't think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work .
A. this B. that C. its D. it
〖答案与简析〗选D。测试 it 用作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。当宾语有自己的补足语时，用it作形式宾语，真正宾语放在补足语之后。常用这种句型的动词有think , make , find , feel , consider 等。
4. Was it in this palace the last emperor died ?
A. that B. in which C. in where D. which
〖答案与简析〗选A。测试it 用在强调结构中，为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或who）…。被强调部分指人时用 that 或 who ，在其它情况下（包括强调时间或地点状语）用that 。又如：
1）Was it during the Second World War he died ? (MET 88）
A. that B. which C. in which D. then
2) It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star .
A. when ; that B. Until ; that C. until ; when D. when ; then
答案 1) A 2) B。
5. But was only the manager . (MET 91完型填空)
A. this B. that C. she D. it
〖答案与简析〗选D。测试 it 可以用作指示代词，指人。当 it 这样用时，所指的是心目中己知的或上下文中的人或事物，也可用来指婴儿。
6. ― What was the party like ?
― Wonderful . It's years I enjoyed myself so much .
A. after B. before C. where D. since
〖答案与简析〗选D。测试it 用在某固定短语或句型中。如believe it or not (信不信由你）, take it easy (别着急，慢慢来）， it is (has been )…since…(某人干某事经过了多长一段时间），It seems that …(好象)，It happens that …(碰巧) ，It looks as if … （好象），It is one's turn to do …(该轮到谁干……) 等。又如：
Take it . Everything will be fine in a day or two .
A. easy B. quiet C. calm D. light
答案是A 。
7. It was Shanghai the Communist Party of China was founded .
A. where B. that C. at which D. that where
〖答案与简析〗选A。测试强调句与定语从句不能混淆，这里是定语从句。若把Shanghai 的前面加上介词 in 时，就是强调 地点，这时就可以选 B。
1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help .
A. he B. which C. she D. it
2. I was disappointed with the film , I had expected to be much better .
A. that B. this C. one D. it
3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language .
A. There B. This C. That D. It
4. As happens , I have brought my umbrella with me .
A. it B. this C. that D. such
5. has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules .
A. As B. It D. That D. This
6. It was seven forty-five he finished the work .
A. when B. that C. when D. before
7. I have no idea is so far the airport from here .
A. what B. how C. it D. that
8. Was it because it snowed last night he didn't come ?
A. why B. that C. when D. which
9. Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
10. Is unnecessary to tell his father everything ?
A. that B. it C. he D. this
11. European football is played in 80 countries , making the most popular sport in the world .
A. which B. this C. that D. it
12. We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow afternoon . Please tell Mr Wang about .
A. this B. that C. it D. the meeting
13. ― Who is knocking at the door ?
― is me .
A. It B. That C. This D. where
14. ― What time is it now ?
― is ten o'clock .
A. The time B. The o'clock C. It D. That
15. I have seen the baby . is very active and lovely .
A. He B. She C. Who D. It
16. He was ill . is why he didn't come to the meeting .
A. It B. This C. That D. There
17. is good news that she has passed the entrance examination for Beijing University .
A. That B. This C. What D. It
18. is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment .
A. It B. This C. That D. There
19. Look , someone is coming . Who can be ?
A. he B. she C. that man D. it
20. I find difficult him to do such work .
A. it ; of B. it ; for C. that ; of D. that ; for
21. My pen is lost and I can't find anywhere , so I must buy .
A. it ; one B. one ; it C. it ; it D. one ; one
22. We think useless theory without practice .
A. it ; learning B. it ; learn C. that ; learning D. that ; to learn
23. It is not you who in trouble ; it is I who in trouble .
A. are ; am B. are ; is C. are ; are D. is ; is
24. She is already 50 , but she doesn't look .
A. like B. this C. it D. such
25. I don't know what was for supper .
A. it B. there C. that D. food
26. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help .
A. he B. which C. she D. it
27. ― The light in the office is still on.
― Oh , I forgot .
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
28. ― Have you heard the news about Tom ?
― No , what ?
A. is it B. it is C. are they D. they are
29. If you don't know the word , why don't you in the dictionary ?
A. look at it B. look after it C. look up it D. look it up
30. Is necessary to tell his father everything ?
A. it B. that C. what D. he
31. Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship ?
A. now B. man C. that D. it
32. Is necessary to complete the design before National Day ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
33. Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
34. It worried a bit her hair was turning grey .
A. while B. that C. if D. for
35. I don't think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work .
A. this B. that C. its D. it
36. Was it in this palace the last emperor died ?
A. that B. in which C. in where D. which
37. Was it during the Second World War he died ?
A. that B. which C. in which D. then
38. It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star .
A. when ; that B. Until ; that C. until ; when D. when ; then
39. But was only the manager . (MET 91完型填空)
A. this B. that C. she D. it
40. ― What was the party like ?
― Wonderful . It's years I enjoyed myself so much .
A. after B. before C. where D. since
41. Take it . Everything will be fine in a day or two .
A. easy B. quiet C. calm D. light
42. It was Shanghai the Communist Party of China was founded .
A. where B. that C. at which D. that where
43. I find difficult him to do such work .
A. it ; of B. it ; for C. that ; of D. that ; for
44. take to fly to Paris from Beijing ?
A. How long does that B. How long does it
C. How soon does it D. How far does it
45. You made a new model plane , .
A. how wonderful it is B. how wonderful is it
C. that is wonderful D. wonderful you are
答案：1 ― 5 DDDAB 6 ― 10 ACBDB 11 ― 15 DCACD 16 ― 20 ADDDB 21 ― 25 AAACB26 ― 30 DCADA 31 ― 35 DDDBD 36 ― 40 AABDD 41 ― 45 AABBA
【创新园地】
When I got into his house , I saw an old man reading
a book in the chair . I talked with him . I found that 1 . ____
from the time when he was a child , he always brought 2 . ____
a little book in his pockets . He did reading almost 3 . ____
every minute . He did not do anything . People often found 4 . ____
him read a book while he was waiting for meals , 5 . ____
buses , doctors , plays begin or something to happen . 6 . ____
You could still even find him reading in the toilet . 7 . ____
That was why he found his fifteen minutes a 8 . ____
day for reading . That was how he reads twenty 9 . ____
books a year―one thousand in our lifetime . 10 . ___
（请同学们改好后把答案反馈给我们）
【创新园地】答案：1. the → a 。 2. brought → carried 。3. √。 4. 在 anything 后加 else 。5. read → reading 。 6. 在begin 前加 to 。 7. 去掉 still 。8. why → how 。 9. reads → read 。10. our → his 。
【同步题库】
Unit 14
Ⅰ . 单项填空
答案：Ⅰ. 1 ― 5 BDDAA 6 ―10 CABDA 11 ― 15 CCADB 16 ― 20 DBACD 21 ― 25 BDBAC Ⅱ. 1 ― 5 DBCBA 6 ― 10 CABCA 11 ― 15 CDDAD 16 ― 20 BAAAD 21 ― 25 CBDAB Ⅲ. 1―5 DACCD 6 ―10 ACDBC 11 ― 15 CFEGD Ⅳ . 1 . darkness / dark 2 . journey 3 . forced 4 . simple 5 . forehead 6 . wonder 7 . length 8 . satisfied 9 . smelly 10 . zones Ⅴ . 1 . expected→expecting 2 . 去掉 reached 后面的 to 3 . usually→usual 4. same→the same 5 . 去掉 in 6 . 去掉 for 7 . √ 8 . 在 much 前加 how 9 . spend→spending 10 . anyone→everyone
Ⅵ . One possible version:
Dear Mr Zhang ,
We know that this is the last lesson that you will give us . Soon we'll graduate and say good-bye to our school . At this moment , we don't know how to express ourselves . All we can say is "Thanks" .
Three years ago when we came to this school , we knew nothing about English . However , with your unselfish help , we have greatly improved our English in listening , speaking , reading and writing . We owe all this to you , because in the past three years , you have been working hard , trying your best to help us . We will remember all those lively and interesting lessons you've given us , which we will never forget .
Now let us all say again , "Thank you , Mr Zhang" .
