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疑
问
句
中
Have you got a dictionary?
你有一本字典吗？
Where did he go last Monday?
上星期一他去什么地方了？
Are you listening to the radio?
你在听广播吗？
Who told you the news?
谁告诉你那个消息的？
Which boy broke this glass?
哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？
用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。
“there be”结构中
There are three wells in our village.
我们村里有三口水井。
There stands a big paper making factory by the river.
河边有座大型造纸厂。
在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中
Here is a letter for you.
这儿有你一封信。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Now comes your turn to play.
现在轮到你玩了。
Away went the crowd one by one .
人们一个一个地离去。
Look, there he comes! 看，他来了。
Down she went 她下来了。
使用完全倒装结构。
但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。
在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中
I can’t swim, nor (neither)can she .
我不会游泳，她也不会。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.
他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。
He did not turn up. No more did his wife.
他没有来，他妻子也没有来。
表示……也不这样， neither和nor意思相同，可以替换使用，no more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。意为也不…。
用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中
Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .
尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。
Young as he is, he knows a lot .
虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。
从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）
2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）
情 况
例 句
说 明
含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时
Never before have we seen such a sight.
以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Little did I think that he could be back alive.
我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift.
我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。
常用否定词有： never,not,hardly,
scarcely seldom, little, not until, not only…but also, no sooner …than, hardly (scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。
副词only放在句首时
Only then did he realize his mistakes .
只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误。
Only in this way can you learn maths well .
只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学。
Only Mother can understand me .
只有母亲最理解我。
Only three of us failed in the exam.
我们中只有三个人考试不及格。
only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。
如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。
虚拟语气条件从句中
Were they here, they would help us .
他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。
Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.
我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。
Should you fail, take more pain and try again.
万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。
把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。
直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时
“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.
老师说：“他是个聪明的孩子。”
“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help”“走，狄克，走！”汤姆呼喊着，“快回家去求援”
“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.
他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”
“I’m leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.
玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。
主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。
但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。
表示祝愿的句子中
May you succeed! 祝你成功。
Long live the Communist Party of
中国共产党万岁！
谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。
副词so在句首
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .
他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。
They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .
他们下学期学化学，我也学。
I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.
我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车。
表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。
―Tom won the first prize for the English
competition.
－So he did.
英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。
It was cold yesterday. So it was .
昨天天气冷。的确冷。
如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。
在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中
Often did we warn them not to do so.
我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
Many a time has she helped me with my English.
她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。
在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首
Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
介词短语作状语，放在句首
In the middle of the room stood a little girl.
在房间中央站着一个小女孩。
In the distance was a horse.
马在远处。
在强调表语的句子中
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
阿尔伯特・曼因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。
Such is life. 生活就是这样。
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。
表语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。
【专项训练】
Ⅰ、选择填空
1、 that we all went out, lying in the sun.
A．The weather so fine was B．So fine was the weather
C．So the weather was fine D．So was fine weather
2、Under his arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
3、 who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.
A．Before George stood the policeman
B．Before George the policeman stood
C．Before the policeman stood George
D．Before George did the policeman
4、Then we had been looking forward to .
A．came the hour B．the hour came
C．comes the hour D．the hour is coming
5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this.
A．she realized B．did she realize
C．she had realized D．had she realized
6、 succeed in doing anything.
A．Only by working hard we can
B．By only working hard we can
C．Only by working hard can we
D．Only we can by working hard
7、Not for a moment the truth of your story.
A．he has doubted B．he doubts
C．did he doubt D．he did doubt
8、Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.
A．a tourist can find B．can a tourist find
C．a tourist will find D．a tourist has found
9、Hardly when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A．they had got to the bus-stop B．they got to the bus-stop
C．did they get to the bus-stop D．had they got to the bus -stop
10、Mary doesn’t speak French, and does Joan.
A．not B．neither C．either D．so
11、―Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ―I don’t know, .
A．nor don’t I care B．nor do I care
C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also
12、Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.
A．man did know B．man knew
C．didn’t man know D．did man know
13、After that we never saw her again nor from her.
A．did we hear B．we heard
C．had we heard D．we have heard
14、John won the first prize in the contest. .
A．So he did. B．So did he.
C．So he did, too. D．So did he, too.
15、 ,he doesn’t study well.
A．As he is clever B．He is as clever
C．Clever as he is D．As clever he is
16、You can never use my tape recorder. time should you touch that machine.
A．At no B．At any C．Any D．No
17、Scarcely the room the phone rang.
A．I had entered…when B．Had I entered…then
C．had I entered…when D．have I entered…when
18、Only save his life.
A．can the doctor B．the doctor can
C．will the doctor D．could the doctor
19、Hardly anybody the boy , because he is rude.
A．does like B．likes C．do like D．like
20、So well that the teacher praised her.
A．she had done her homework
B．her homework had been done
C．did she do her homework
D．she did her homework
21、Only when to know him will you get along with him.
A．do you come B．will you come
C．you come D．you will come
22、Out , gun in hand.
A．did he rush B．rushed he
C．he rushed D．had he rushed
23、He had promised me to come to the party ,and .
A．so did he B．so he did C．so he would D．so would he
24、Into the sky the light blue smoke.
A．went up B．up went C．did go up D．had gone up
25、Little about his own life at the meeting.
A．did he talk B．he talked
C．he was talking D．had he talked
26、Under no circumstances first use nuclear weapons.
A．will China B．China will C．does China D．do
27、 taken that examination, she could have passed it .
A．Were she B．Had she be able to
C．If she would have D．Had she
28、 tomorrow , we would put off the match till next Monday.
A．Should it rained B．Were it to rain
C．If it would rain D．Had it rained
29、Look, here .
A．Mr. Brown comes B．does Mr. Brown come
C．comes Mr. Brown D．Mr. Brown has come
30、Often us good advice.
A．did she give B．she did give
C．she gave D．she has given
31、Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.
A．didn’t I realize B．did I realize
C．I didn’t realize D．I realize
32、Little about his own safety , though he was in great danger himself.
A．does he care B．did he care
C．he cares D．he cared
33、 began our new lesson.
A．But B．Thus C．Such D．So that
34、By no means look down upon the poor.
A．we should B．we should not
C．do we D．should we
35、Only when 30 years old to learn English.
A．was he , did he begin B．he was , he began
C．was he , he began D．he was ,did he begin
36、Not once their plan.
A．did they change B．they changed
C．changed they D．they did changed
37、“It’s very hot today.”“ .”
A．So it is B．So is it C．So does it D．So it does
38、A fish needs water and without water it will die.
A．So does a man B．So will a man
C．So it is with a man D．So is it with a man
39、They arrived at the farmhouse, in front of which .
A．sat a small boy B．a small boy sat
C．is sitting a small boy D．a small boy sitting
40、Society has changed and in it .
A．so have the people B．so the people have
C．the people have so D．have the people so
Ⅱ、改错
41、Only when was he 50 years old did he begin to learn French.
42、Little she knew Tom was was badly ill
43、Turn to the right and there are you.
44、And all around the fox in a circle was dogs.
45、―You can learn English well.
―So can we.
46、I dare climb this tall tree, but do you?
47、Not once he kept his promise.
48、Many a time he has given us some good advice.
49、Such a noise there was that I couldn’t work in the room.
50、Only does my mother understand me.
【答案】：
Ⅰ、1、B 2、C 3、A 4、A 5、B 6、C 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、B 12、D 13、A 14、A 15、C
25、A 26、A 27、D 28、B 29、C 30、A
31、B 32、B 33、B 34、D 35、D 36、A
37、A 38、C 39、A 40、A
Ⅱ、41、was he ―he was 倒装主句不倒装从句。
42、She knew―did she know 此句为半倒装句。
43、are you ―you are 此句为全部倒装句如主语是代词则不倒装。
44、was―were主语是dogs 。
45、so we can 主语we与上一句中的主语you所指相同故不同倒装。
46、do you―dare you 前面句中用情态，后面要呼应。
47、he kept―did he keep
48、he has―has he
49、Ö
50、去掉does，将understand改为understands。only后面跟状语倒装，后跟主语不倒装。
六、并列句
知识要点：
1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法；
2、注意while, when 和 for等作并列连词的用法。
什么叫并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。
并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
类型
说明
连接词
例 句
并
并列关系
(联合关系)
and, not only…but(also), neither…nor等
I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他，他也帮助我。
Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her. 我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。
Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice. 我不想与他商量，他也不会征求我的意见。
列
转折关系
but, yet, still, while, however, when等
He failed many times, but he didn’t despair. 他失败多次但并没有气馁。
She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress. 她学习英语有困难，然后她学习努力，进步很快。
选择关系
or, otherwise or else, either…or
We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。
Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。
句
因果关系
for, so, thus, therefore, and so
We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。
He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination. 他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。
有时也可不用连词，而用逗号，分号或冒号
Hurry up, it’s getting dark. 快点，天要黑了。
Let’s start early, we have a long way to go. 我们要早动身，因为路很远。
注意：
（1）yet和still是连接副词，也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用，但不如and,
but, or等强，用了yet或still，前面还可加and或but。
He is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累，但他仍然要做另一个实验。
I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车
（2）while意义相当于at the same time表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。
I like football, while my sister likes basketball. 我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。
when = and then, just then或at that time, during the time.
We were ready to rush away, when the snake moved. 我们正准备离开，这时蛇移动了。
while和when作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开。
3、for表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore比so更正式，and so比较口语化。
【专项训练】：
1、He couldn’t know the truth about me, he wouldn’t treat me like this.
2、The bell is ringing the lesson is over.
3、Although he was ill, he kept on working.
4、I can’t make up my mind we will go to Shanghai we will stay in our city.
5、He doesn’t talk much, he thinks a lot.
6、It must have rained last night the ground is still wet.
7、The president will visit the town in May he will open the new hospital.
8、Jane was dressed in green Mary was dressed in blue.
9、 he did not speak distinctly I did not hear it clearly.
10、He is clever, , he often makes mistakes.
11、 did we write to her we called up her.
12、He hasn’t any money I’m going to lend him some.
13、The child was sick; he, , didn’t go to school.
14、Mary was neither happy, was she sad.
15、Put on more clothes, you’ll catch cold.
二、选择最佳答案：
16、Some are reading magazines, others are playing cards.
A．or B．for C．so D．while
17、We must get up early tomorrow. we’ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.
A．so B．or C．but D．however
18、――I don’t like chicken fish.
――I don’t like chicken, I like fish very much.
A．and, and B．and, but C．or, and D．or, but
19、We want high speed good quality.
A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not, but also
20、In spring it is hot cold here.
A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not only, but
21、 does he writes well, he also speaks well.
A．Not only, but B．Not, but C．Either, or D．Both, and
22、Use your head, you’ll work it out.
A．so B．or C．and D．for
23、I want to buy the jacket, I have not enough money with me.
A．but B．so C．or D．for
24、 you I am going to help Tom.
A．Either, or B．Not, but C．Not only, and D．Each, and
25、The soldier was wounded, he pushed on.
A．for B．and C．so D．yet
26、――Do you know Jim quarrelled with his classmate?
――I don’t know, .
A．nor don’t I came B．nor do I care
C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also
27、He is a teacher, a singer as well.
A．but B．or C．nor D．and
28、 should a man have courage, he should have wisdom and knowledge.
A．Not only, but B．Neither, nor C．Either, or D．Both, and
29、We have studied English for only one year, we can perform English short plays already.
A．yet B．for C．and D．or
30、She had escaped, the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great heat of the fire.
A．so B．or C．but D．and
31、The work was difficult, ,he finished in on time.
A．but B．however C．otherwise D．therefore
32、The sky was cloudless the sun was shining.
A．but B．and C．for D．so
33、 many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A．Having been told B．Though he had been told
C．He was told D．Having told
34、I was walking along the street I heard someone calling my name.
A．when B．while C．and D．for
35、To be healthy, you must have a meal too big too small.
A．either, or B．neither, nor C．not only, but also D．not, but
36、Both Jane and Ellen, Mary, are studying at the same college.
A．too B．and C．as well D．as well as
37、He has never studied English before, we should give him more help.
A．and B．or C．therefore D．but
38、I see your point of view; , I don’t agree with you.
A．or B．but C．so D．still
39、They must stay in the water they will die.
A．but B．so C．otherwise D．and
40、We played outside till sunset it began to rain.
A．when B．while C．yet D．so
三、改错：
41、Although he has great learning, but he always works far into the night.
42、Because the boy is very naughty, so I’m angry with him.
43、Not only he himself works hard but he often helps others.
44、It must have rained much of late, because the river is so high.
45、They didn’t tell me whether I should write to him nor whether I should see him personally.
46、If there were no plants, we would have no animals or no meat.
47、Now of course I don’t want to say anything bad about anyone however have you noticed his strange manners?
48、 “I’m more thankful to you, sir, than I can say” I said, “ and but I must make things clear.”
49、He neither knows nor cares for what happened.
50、He did not like your suggestion, and but he raised no objection(反对).
【答案】：
一、1、or 2、and 3、still / yet 4、when, or 5、but
6、for 7、when 8、while 9、Either, or 10、however
11、Not only, but 12、so 13、therefore 14、nor
15、or
二、16、D 17、B 18、D 19、A 20、C 21、A
22、C 23、A 24、A 25、D 26、B 27、D
28、A 29、A 30、C 31、B 32、B 33、C
34、A 35、B 36、D &n
- 答案
