《2025年一遍过高中英语选择性必修第一册北师大版》

D
(科技创新|新高考5年4考)Soda bottles and sour cream containers — these plastics (and many others) typically arrive at recycling plants mixed together in the same bin. But since they are made of different molecular (分子的) building blocks, called monomers, they must be sorted into different types before they can be melted to make new products. Otherwise, their various monomers tend to separate from one another like oil and water.
" Until about a year ago, everybody thought the only thing you could do was take a plastic, break it down to a monomer and then re - form it," says Sanat Kumar, a chemical engineer at Columbia University. " Now we’ve come up with a different way of doing it. " His team has developed a process that allows different kinds of plastics to be recycled together. Their findings, reported recently in Nature, could give new life to many items that end up in landfills.
The new process solves the problem by adding chemicals called universal dynamic cross - linkers to the mix. Just as soap brings together oil and water, these cross - linkers form covalent (共价的) molecular bonds that tie the diverse monomers together. This process creates materials that can keep certain useful properties of each plastic, such as keeping oxygen from passing through. These materials can then be melted and remade again and again because the cross - linkers can break and re - form their bonds.
The researchers hope the technique could eventually help repurpose (改变……的用途) more plastic waste, and Kumar says the process consumes less energy than breaking plastics down into their original monomers — but it’s not yet cheap enough to be widely used at existing recycling facilities. Still, showing that it works could lead to profitable markets for less expensive recycled plastics, which Kumar says would be one way to help recyclers eventually address the plastic waste crisis. " The plastic problem is huge," he says, " and you’re going to have to look for multiple solutions. "
32. What’s the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The recycling method of plastics.
B. The present situation of plastic pollution.
C. The difficulty of recycling mixed plastics.
D. The variety in monomers among different plastics.
33. What does the underlined word " it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Melting plastics.
B. Recycling plastics.
C. Sorting out plastics.
D. Breaking down plastics.
34. What is special about universal dynamic cross - linkers?
A. They can keep oxygen from passing through.
B. They can maintain their own useful properties.
C. They can be used as soap to bond oil and water.
D. They can help bring different monomers together.
35. What challenge is Sanat Kumar’s technique facing?
A. Its low efficiency.
B. Its relatively high cost.
C. Its high energy consumption.
D. Its negative environmental effect.

答案： 32.C 考查段落大意。根据第一段内容，尤其是第二句可知，由于一些混合在一起的塑料是由不同的单体构成的，所以它们必须被分成不同的类型，然后才能被熔化以制造新产品。由此可知，第一段主要讲的是回收混合塑料的困难。故选 C 项。33.B 考查代词指代。根据画线词后面一句"His team has developed a process that allows different kinds of plastics to be recycled together"可知，Kumar 的团队开发了一种工艺，可以将不同种类的塑料一起回收利用。由此可知，it 指的应是回收塑料。故选 B 项。34.D 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"these cross-linkers form. . . diverse monomers together"可知，这些交联剂形成共价分子键，它们把不同的单体结合在一起，由此可知，通用动态交联剂的特别之处在于它们可以将不同的单体结合在一起。故选 D 项。D 项中的"bring different monomers together"是文中"tie the diverse monomers together"的同义替换。35.B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"but it's not yet cheap enough to be widely used at existing recycling facilities"可知，Sanat Kumar 的这种工艺面临的挑战是它的成本相对较高。故选 B 项。