《2025年一遍过高中英语选择性必修第一册北师大版》

C
[高考真题同源]Not long ago, attention - deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (多动症) was thought to affect only school - aged boys — the naughty ones who could not sit still in class and were always getting into trouble. Today the number of ADHD diagnosis is rising fast in all age groups.
At the moment, ADHD is treated as something you either have or not, which is a binary approach to diagnosis. It has two consequences. The first is that treating everyone as if they are ill fills up health - care systems. The second consequence occurs when ADHD is treated as a disorder that needs fixing. This leads to a terrible waste of human potential. Forcing yourself to fit in with the " normal" is tiring and can cause anxiety and depression.
The binary view of ADHD is no longer supported by science. Researchers have realized that there is no such thing as the " ADHD brain". For most people with ADHD, the symptoms (症状) are mild enough to disappear when their environment plays to its strengths.
In Portsmouth, teachers have been trained to evaluate a child’s neurodiversity (神经多样性) characteristics that include speech, energy levels, attention and adaptability. The goal is to find where children need support and where they have strengths, without diagnosing them with anything in particular. Organizing lessons to mix sitting, standing and working in groups is one way to make things easier for pupils with ADHD.
Greater understanding of neurodiversity can reduce bullying in schools and help managers grasp that neurodiversity people are often specialists, rather than generalists. They may be bad in large meetings or noisy classrooms, but exceptional at things like multitasking and repetitive activities that require attention to detail. Using their talents wisely means leaving what they cannot do well to others.
A culture that respects difference and takes an enlightened view of the rules will help people achieve more and get more out of life. That, rather than more medical appointments, is the best way to help the growing numbers lining up for ADHD diagnosis.
28. What does the author think of the " binary approach"?
A. Extreme.
B. Effective.
C. Rare.
D. Advanced.
(A)
29. Why does the author mention the practice in Portsmouth?
A. To advocate teamwork.
B. To stress teachers’ role.
C. To introduce a way to assess ADHD.
D. To prove the non - existence of the " ADHD brain".
(D)
30. In which condition might people with ADHD perform well?
A. Attending a large meeting.
B. Helping teachers manage classes.
C. Having a class in a noisy classroom.
D. Taking notes while watching a video.
(D)
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. People with ADHD should accept themselves.
B. People with ADHD should get more medical treatment.
C. People should stop treating ADHD as a disorder.
D. People with ADHD should strictly obey social rules.
(C)

答案： 28.A 考查推理判断。根据第二段内容可知，多动症通常被用二元诊断方法，即患者要么被确诊患有该病，要么被认为完全健康。这种诊断方式带来了两种后果：首先，它将大量个体视为患者，从而给医疗保健系统带来沉重负担。其次，当多动症被视为一种需要治疗的疾病时，这会限制个体的发展潜力。此外，为了适应所谓的"正常"标准，人们不得不承受巨大的心理压力，甚至可能引发焦虑和抑郁。由此可推知，作者不认同"二元诊断法"，认为其比较极端。故选 A。29.D 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Researchers have realized that there is no such thing as the‘ADHD brain’"可知，研究人员已经意识到没有所谓的"多动症大脑"。第四段讲在朴次茅斯，老师们接受了评估儿童神经多样性特征的培训，目的是发现孩子们哪里需要帮助，哪里有优势，而不是诊断他们有什么特别的问题。由此可推知，作者提到朴次茅斯的这种做法是为了证明没有"多动症大脑"。故选 D。30.D 考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"They may be bad in large meetings or noisy classrooms, but exceptional at things like multitasking and repetitive activities that require attention to detail"可知，多动症患者可能在大型会议或嘈杂的教室里表现不佳，但在多任务处理和需要注意细节的重复活动方面表现出色。结合选项可推知，多动症患者在边看视频边做笔记时可能表现良好。故选 D。31.C 考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容可知，一种尊重差异对规则持开明态度的文化将帮助人们取得更多成就，并更好地享受生活，这是帮助越来越多排队等待 ADHD 诊断的人的最好方法，而不是将其视为一种疾病去医院看病。由此可推知，作者在最后一段暗示了人们应该停止将多动症视为一种疾病。故选 C。