《2025年一遍过高中英语选择性必修第一册北师大版》

一、阅读理解
Most educators know the basics of peer pressure. When peers are around, teenagers take more risks. For example, teenage boys drive faster with other boys in the same car because the reward centers of teenagers' brains are more active with peers than when they're alone.
However, risk - taking in an educational context is an important skill that enables progress and creativity, which is just one of positive peer effects. People often talk about negative peer effects but ignore many studies that show a lot of negative behaviour of high school kids is discouraged by friends. There is a lot of very positive pressure that peers apply, like, "No, man, that's stupid. " This prevention is one of the many underreported forms of peer effects.
In a study of college freshmen, researchers found that having friends with a higher willingness to study is predictive of receiving higher grades. Since the study looked at both assigned roommate pairings and chosen friend groups, the researchers were able to show the effect wasn't just a reflection of "selection bias (偏见)", with hard - working kids having already chosen to befriend each other. Hanging out with someone who's hard - working, they concluded, caused teenagers to study for more hours and achieve higher grades. The findings prove previous research showing a connection between how a child views the importance of doing well in school and how their friends do. Similar effects have been proved for volunteer work and health - promotive behaviour, such as exercise.
What does all this mean for educators? Influential students can definitely improve classroom dynamics. In one program, kids were trained to publicly encourage anti - conflict practice. Reports of student conflict dropped 30% over one year. To some extent, this success may lie in the fact that the program got kids' help. Efforts that engage teens in actual, real - life tasks have been the most promising when it comes to changing the content of the values spread within teenage peer groups.
1. What can bring peer pressure to teenagers?
A. Presence of their peers.
B. Being cheated by their friends.
C. Encouragement from the elders.
D. The stress response in difficult situations.
2. What is most people's attitude to peer pressure?
A. Appreciative.
B. Unsupportive.
C. Acceptable.
D. Unclear.
3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Love me, love my dog.
B. No competition, no progress.
C. Kids can be influenced by a close association.
D. A true friend reaches out to you and touches your heart.
4. How can peer pressure be applied to education?
A. By sorting classroom activities.
B. By training students to keep away from conflict.
C. By discouraging students from choosing friends.
D. By leading students to undertake positive social activities.

答案： 1. A 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"When peers are around, teenagers take more risks"可知，同龄人在场会给青少年带来同伴压力，故选A。2. B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"People often talk about negative peer effects... discouraged by friends"可知，人们经常谈论消极的同伴效应，但是忽略了很多研究，这些研究表明高中生的许多消极行为是被朋友们劝阻的。由此可推知，大多数人对同伴压力的态度是消极的，即不支持的，故选B。3. C 考查段落大意。通读第三段内容尤其是根据"researchers found that having friends with a higher willingness to study is predictive of receiving higher grades"可知，本段通过研究证明了孩子会受到亲密关系的影响，故选C。4. D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句可知，当涉及改变青少年同龄人群体中传播的价值观的内容时，让青少年参与实际的、真实的任务的努力是最有希望的。由此可推知，要引导学生参加积极的社会活动来传播正确的价值观，故选D。