《2024年5年高考3年模拟高二英语选择性必修第一册人教版》

III. 完形填空
(2022 山东聊城期末)
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known". The person who　　1　　the call was not the captain's first choice. Despite all this, his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific　　2　　of all time.
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist,　　3　　by rocks, plants and animals. He left England on the 4　, the Beagle, in 1831. The journey gave him the chance to　　5　　various living things in their natural environments. At that time, people believed that all species had　　6　　on Earth at the same time, and had not　　7　　since. But Darwin began to think　　8　. He noticed that some species of animals were very　　9　　to each other. Maybe animals evolved as they　　10 their changing environments.
It was a completely new idea−a(n)　11 of evolution. Darwin　　12　　this theory in his book On the Origin of Species. It was not　　13 until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. Today, On the Origin of Species is　　14　　as one of the most important works ever written. It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.
And it all began with the　　15　　on the Beagle.
1. A. made
B. wanted
C. answered
D. refused
2. A. discoveries
B. reports
C. substances
D. designs
3. A. astonished
B. confused
C. inspired
D. fascinated
4. A. carriage
B. ship
C. plane
D. horse
5. A. study
B. create
C. train
D. raise
6. A. survived
B. appeared
C. disappeared
D. lived
7. A. grown
B. returned
C. changed
D. left
8. A. hardly
B. apparently
C. carefully
D. differently
9. A. similar
B. familiar
C. harmful
D. cruel
10. A. cared for
B. relied on
C. adapted to
D. insisted on
11. A. opinion
B. book
C. process
D. theory
12. A. tested
B. detected
C. opposed
D. explained
13. A. read
B. published
C. sold
D. written
14. A. chosen
B. regarded
C. emphasised
D. recommended
15. A. journey
B. captain
C. species
D. life

答案： 1. C　根据文章第一句“The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone....”可知船长是在招聘。由此推测此处是说“来应聘的人不是船长的首选”，即响应招聘的人(达尔文)并不符合船长的要求。answer the call响应号召。故选C。
2. A　尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将促成有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。根据后文对达尔文提出进化论并出版《物种起源》及其影响的介绍可知此处是说达尔文在船上的冒险经历促使他做出了重要的科学发现(discoveries)。故选A。report报告；substance物质；design设计。
3. D　查尔斯·达尔文是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物都很着迷。根据对达尔文的介绍“was a geologist and naturalist”可推测此处是说他对大自然中的事物很着迷。be fascinated by对……着迷。故选D。
4. B　根据文章第一段中的“The captain of the ship, the Beagle”可知，贝格尔号是一艘船(ship)。故选B。carriage四轮马车。
5. A　根据“Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist”可知，达尔文是一位地质学家和博物学家，所以他会研究(study)各种生物。故选A。create创造；train训练；raise饲养。
6. B　在那个时候，人们认为所有的物种都是同一时间出现在地球上的，并且从那以后就没有改变过。根据后文介绍的进化论和《物种起源》推测此处指的是物种的起源。survive幸存；appear出现；disappear消失；live生活。故选B。
7. C　人们过去认为所有的物种出现之后就没有改变过。grow生长；return返回；change改变；leave离开。故选C。
8. D　根据前面的表示转折关系的连词But可知，此处指达尔文有与众不同的想法。hardly几乎不；apparently显然；carefully仔细地；differently不同地。故选D。
9. A　达尔文注意到有些动物物种彼此非常相似。similar相似的；familiar熟悉的；harmful有害的；cruel残忍的。be similar to与……相似。故选A。
10. C　也许动物是在适应不断变化的环境的过程中进化了。根据空后的“changing environments”推测此处指“适应(adapted to)”变化的环境。故选C。care for照顾；rely on依靠；insist on坚决要求。
11. D　根据第12空后的“this theory”可知这里指达尔文提出进化理论(theory)。故选D。opinion观点；process过程。
12. D　根据空后的“in his book”可知此处指达尔文在他的书中解释(explained)了这个理论。故选D。test测试；detect发现；oppose反对。
13. B　《物种起源》这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起了一场风暴。read阅读；publish出版；sell卖；write写。故选B。
14. B　根据现今《物种起源》的地位可知此处是说“现在，《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最重要的著作之一”。choose选择；regard认为；emphasise强调；recommend推荐。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”。故选B。
15. A　人们对地球上的生命的看法发生改变是由于达尔文的进化论，而他的进化论开始于贝格尔号的探险之旅，因此人们对地球上的生命的看法的改变始于贝格尔号的探险之旅。journey旅行；captain船长；species物种；like生活。故选A。